2022年经济学人 欧洲央行将在7月进行首次加息

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The world this week - Business

本周国际要闻-商业

The euro zone’s annual inflation rate leapt to 8.1% in May.

欧元区5月份的年通货膨胀率跃升至8.1%。

The European Central Bank is expected to raise interest rates for the first time in a decade in July and again in September.

预计欧洲央行将在7月进行10年来的首次加息，并在9月再次加息。

Surging prices may mean that it will opt¹ for bolder increases than currently envisaged², perhaps of half a percentage point.

飙升的价格可能意味着，该机构将选择比目前设想的更大胆的涨幅，可能是0.5个百分点。

In America Janet Yellen admitted that she had been wrong to think that inflationary pressures would be temporary.

美国的珍妮特·耶伦承认，她错误地认为通胀压力将是暂时的。

The treasury³ secretary said that in 2021 she “didn’t fully⁴ understand” the risks from supply-chain bottlenecks⁵ and other factors that have driven America’s inflation rate to a 40-year high, but that the government recognised them now.

这位财政部长表示，在2021年，她“不完全了解”供应链瓶颈和其他因素的风险，这些因素将美国的通货膨胀率推高至40年来的最高水平，但政府现在认识到了这些风险。

Joe Biden said that “fighting inflation is our top economic challenge”.

乔·拜登表示，“抗击通胀是我们面临的最大经济挑战”。

The issue could hurt the Democrats⁶ in the mid-term elections.

这个问题可能会在中期选举中困扰民主党人。

India’s economy grew by 4.1% in the three months ending March 31st, year on year, a slower pace than in recent quarters.

在截至3月31日的三个月里，印度经济同比增长4.1%，增速低于最近几个季度。

After rebounding⁷ from covid-19, the country is now beset⁸ by rising prices.

印度从新冠肺炎中恢复之后，现在受到不断上涨的物价的困扰。

Annual inflation reached an overall 7.8% in April, but the category for food, which accounts for half the consumer price index, hit 8.4%.

4月份，年通胀率总体达到7.8%，但占消费者价格指数一半的食品类别通胀率达到8.4%。

Oil prices rose sharply, in part because of the EU‘s long-delayed agreement to place an embargo⁹ on Russian oil.

油价大幅上涨，部分原因是欧盟拖延已久的对俄罗斯石油实施禁运的协议。

The price of Brent crude closed above $120 a barrel for the first time in two months.

布伦特原油价格两个月来首次收于每桶120美元上方。

Some members of OPEC are reportedly willing to exclude Russia from oil-production targets agreed to under OPEC+, because Russian volumes have been hampered¹⁰ by sanctions.

据报道，一些欧佩克成员国愿意将俄罗斯排除在欧佩克+达成的石油产量目标之外，因为俄罗斯的产量受到制裁的阻碍。

Police raided the headquarters of DWS Group, a big German asset-management firm, amid allegations that it misled investors¹¹.

警方突袭了DWS集团的总部，这家德国大型资产管理公司被指控误导投资者。

A whistleblower has claimed that DWS exaggerated the amount it held in ESG (environmental, social, governance) assets.

有举报人声称DWS夸大了其持有的ESG(环境、社会、治理)资产的数量。

Such embellishment is known as greenwashing, and is a growing problem in the ESG industry.

这种美化被称为漂绿，在ESG行业中是一个日益严重的问题。

America’s Securities and Exchange Commission is preparing to tighten¹² the rules on how ESG products are defined and marketed.

美国证券交易委员会正准备收紧ESG产品的定义和营销规则。

There was speculation¹³ that another bidder¹⁴ could emerge for VMware, an enterprise-software firm.

有人猜测，可能会出现另一家公司竞购企业级软件公司VMware。

Broadcom, a chipmaker, recently agreed to pay $61bn for VMware in a friendly takeover.

芯片制造商博通最近同意以610亿美元收购VMware，这是一次友好的收购。

America’s Supreme¹⁵ Court put a temporary hold on a law in Texas that would have stopped social-media platforms from removing content they label as misinformation or extremist.

美国最高法院暂时搁置了德克萨斯州的一项法律，该法律将阻止社交媒体平台删除他们标记为虚假信息或极端主义的内容。

Industry groups challenged the legislation, saying it would damage the effort to scrub hate speech and propaganda from the sites.

行业组织对这项立法提出了质疑，称它将破坏从这些网站上清除仇恨言论和宣传的努力。

In a 5-4 decision the court did not rule on the constitutionality of the law, but decided¹⁶ to send the issue back to the lower courts.

法院以5票赞成、4票反对的结果，没有对该法律的合宪性做出裁决，但决定将该问题发回下级法院。

Sheryl Sandberg unexpectedly decided to step down as chief operating officer of Meta.

谢丽尔·桑德伯格出人意料地决定辞去Meta首席运营官一职。

Ms Sandberg joined Facebook in 2008, helping¹⁷ Mark Zuckerberg transform it into the behemoth social-media platform that it is today.

桑德伯格女士于2008年加入Facebook，帮助马克·扎克伯格将其转型为如今的社交媒体巨头。

She is one of Silicon¹⁸ Valley’s most influential¹⁹ executives and is expected to spend more time working on her charitable causes.

她是硅谷最具影响力的高管之一，预计将花更多时间致力于慈善事业。

Share prices in Chinese tech firms rallied as the two-month lockdown in Shanghai came to an end.

随着上海为期两个月的封锁结束，中国科技公司的股价上涨。

Nasdaq’s Golden Dragon China Index of Chinese companies that list shares in America recorded its first monthly gain in May since October.

纳斯达克金龙中国指数显示在美国上市的中国公司自去年10月以来首次在5月份出现月度上涨。

Sentiment was also boosted by Alibaba’s solid growth in quarterly sales.

阿里巴巴季度销售额的强劲增长也提振了市场人气。

1 opt   

vi.选择，决定做某事

参考例句：

• They opt for more holiday instead of more pay.他们选择了延长假期而不是增加工资。
• Will individual schools be given the right to opt out of the local school authority?各个学校可能有权选择退出地方教育局吗？

2 envisaged   

想像，设想( envisage的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He envisaged an old age of loneliness and poverty. 他面对着一个孤独而贫困的晚年。
• Henry Ford envisaged an important future for the motor car. 亨利·福特为汽车设想了一个远大前程。

3 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

4 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

5 bottlenecks   

n.瓶颈( bottleneck的名词复数 )；瓶颈路段（常引起交通堵塞）；（尤指工商业发展的）瓶颈；阻碍

参考例句：

• Roadworks are causing bottlenecks in the city centre. 道路施工导致市中心交通阻塞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• At five o'clock in the afternoon the city streets are a series of bottlenecks. 下午五点市中心的街道就成了拥挤不堪的窄路。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

6 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 rebounding   

蹦跳运动

参考例句：

• The strength of negative temperature concrete is tested with supersonic-rebounding method. 本文将超声回弹综合法用于负温混凝土强度检测。
• The fundamental of basketball includes shooting, passing and catching, rebounding, etc. 篮球运动中最基本的东西包括投篮，传接球，篮板球等。

8 beset   

v.镶嵌；困扰，包围

参考例句：

• She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
• The plan was beset with difficulties from the beginning.这项计划自开始就困难重重。

9 embargo   

n.禁运（令）；vt.对...实行禁运，禁止（通商）

参考例句：

• This country put an oil embargo on an enemy country.该国对敌国实行石油禁运。
• During the war,they laid an embargo on commerce with enemy countries.在战争期间，他们禁止与敌国通商。

10 hampered   

妨碍，束缚，限制( hamper的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The search was hampered by appalling weather conditions. 恶劣的天气妨碍了搜寻工作。
• So thought every harassed, hampered, respectable boy in St. Petersburg. 圣彼德堡镇的那些受折磨、受拘束的体面孩子们个个都是这么想的。

11 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

12 tighten   

v.(使)变紧；(使)绷紧

参考例句：

• Turn the screw to the right to tighten it.向右转动螺钉把它拧紧。
• Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation.一些国家实行紧缩银根的货币政策，以避免通货膨胀。

13 speculation   

n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机

参考例句：

• Her mind is occupied with speculation.她的头脑忙于思考。
• There is widespread speculation that he is going to resign.人们普遍推测他要辞职。

14 bidder   

n.(拍卖时的)出价人，报价人，投标人

参考例句：

• TV franchises will be auctioned to the highest bidder.电视特许经营权将拍卖给出价最高的投标人。
• The bidder withdrew his bid after submission of his bid.投标者在投标之后撤销了投标书。

15 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

16 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

17 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

18 silicon   

n.硅(旧名矽)

参考例句：

• This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
• A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。

19 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。