2022年经济学人 根据生理周期规划训练更有效(2)

Here, then, is fertile ground for quite a few of those percentage-point improvements.

这时就是可以提高很多个百分点的沃土。

And that is where menstrual-cycle-savvy coaches come in.

这就是精通生理周期的教练们的用武之地。

One possible tactic¹ is phase-based training, in which a coach adjusts the intensity², volume and type of an athlete’s workouts based on where she is in her cycle.

一种可能的策略是分阶段训练，即教练根据运动员在周期中所处的位置调整训练的强度、量和类型。

Stacy Sims, a researcher at Auckland University of Technology, in New Zealand, recommends athletes increase intensity in the low-hormone follicular phase of the cycle, when the body is primed to bear heavy loads.

新西兰奥克兰理工大学的研究员斯泰西·西姆斯建议运动员在周期的低激素卵泡阶段增加强度，此时身体已经准备好承受沉重的负荷。

Later, during the luteal phase, when bodies are less able to adapt to stress, she recommends focusing on steady-state aerobic³ training to allow proper bodily recovery.

之后，在黄体期，当身体对压力的适应能力较差时，她建议专注于稳定状态的有氧训练，以使身体得到适当的恢复。

This pattern of training, she believes, allows female athletes to push themselves in the most efficient manner.

她认为，这种训练模式能够让女运动员以最有效的方式推动自己。

Such a one-size-fits-all approach may, though, be overly simple.

然而，这种一刀切的做法可能过于简单。

Kirsty Elliott-Sale, a professor at Manchester Metropolitan⁴ University, in Britain, thinks there is, as yet, no conclusive⁵ scientific evidence to back phase-based training.

英国曼彻斯特城市大学教授柯斯蒂·埃利奥特-赛尔认为，到目前为止，还没有确凿的科学证据支持分阶段训练。

However, while wary⁶ of general guidelines, Dr Elliott-Sale sees the merits of an individualised approach which takes account both of monthly variation within an individual and inter-individual variability.

然而，尽管埃利奥特-赛尔博士对一般指南持谨慎态度，但他看到了个性化方法的优点，这种方法既考虑了个人内部的月度变化，也考虑了个体之间的差异。

This latter source of variety may also help explain why conclusive population-level scientific evidence is hard to come by.

后一种多样性的来源也可能有助于解释为什么难以获得确凿的群体层面的科学证据。

A regular cycle can last between 21 and 40 days, and the hormonal⁷ details -- how fast concentrations change, when they peak and how high they peak -- vary.

一个规律的周期可以持续21到40天，激素的细节--浓度变化的速度，达到峰值的时间，峰值的高度--各不相同。

Also, different women experience different sensitivities to hormonal changes.

此外，不同的女性对荷尔蒙变化的敏感度也不同。

Some have no symptoms.

有些人没有任何症状。

For others, the effects may include debilitating⁸ cramps⁹, bloating, migraines and depression.

对其他人来说，其影响可能包括使人虚弱的抽筋、腹胀、偏头痛和抑郁。

Maddy Cope, a professional climber and coach in Britain, emphasises the need to bridge the gap between where research stands and how athletes feel.

英国职业登山者兼教练麦迪·科普强调，有必要弥合研究结果和运动员感受之间的差距。

She notes, for example, that most research does not translate well to her own discipline.

例如，她指出，大多数研究都不能很好地适用于她自己的训练。

Climbing is a supremely¹⁰ technical matter, and the tests used in research compare poorly with the actual demands of the sport.

攀岩是一个非常技术性的运动，研究中使用的测试与这项运动的实际需求相比差得很多。

Even here, though, a little menstruation-driven thinking may help.

不过，即使在这个问题上，一些生理期驱动的思想也可能会有所帮助。

Most good training plans for climbers include exercises of a range of intensities¹¹ and incorporate a “de-load” week, to allow the body to recover.

大多数好的攀岩者训练计划都包括一系列强度的锻炼，并在一周内进行“减压”，让身体恢复。

Menstrual-cycle-informed training in this case might be as simple as arranging for the de-load week to coincide with the stress-sensitive luteal phase.

在这种情况下，与生理期相关的训练可能非常简单，就像安排减负周一样，适应压力敏感的黄体期就可以。

Menstrual-cycle coaching is, then, in its infancy¹².

因此，生理周期指导还处于初级阶段。

But, as women’s sports jostle more and more with men’s for the limelight, and the sums of money involved increase, many more athletes are giving it a go.

但是，随着女子体育项目与男子体育项目在聚光灯下的竞争越来越激烈，涉及的资金也越来越多，越来越多的运动员开始尝试。

In this and other areas, female sports-science is a promising¹³ field of research, as the fiction that men are the baseline and women an anomaly -- a rib¹⁴, as it were, pulled from the chest of research on men -- is put to rest.

在这一领域和其他领域，女性体育科学是一个很有前途的研究领域，因为男性是基准，女性是异类--可以说是从男性研究的胸膛中拔出的一根肋骨--已经告一段落。

In sport, as in other areas, it is time for women to unlock their full potential.

在体育领域，和其他领域一样，现在是女性充分释放全部潜力的时候了。

Period.

周期。

1 tactic   

n.战略，策略；adj.战术的，有策略的

参考例句：

• Reducing prices is a common sales tactic.降价是常用的销售策略。
• She had often used the tactic of threatening to resign.她惯用以辞职相威胁的手法。

2 intensity   

n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度

参考例句：

• I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。
• The strike is growing in intensity.罢工日益加剧。

3 aerobic   

adj.需氧的，增氧健身法的，有氧的

参考例句：

• Aerobic exercise helps to build up stamina.有氧健身操有助于增强耐力。
• Aerobic dance is conductive to the health.有氧舞蹈有助于健康。

4 metropolitan   

adj.大城市的，大都会的

参考例句：

• Metropolitan buildings become taller than ever.大城市的建筑变得比以前更高。
• Metropolitan residents are used to fast rhythm.大都市的居民习惯于快节奏。

5 conclusive   

adj.最后的，结论的；确凿的，消除怀疑的

参考例句：

• They produced some fairly conclusive evidence.他们提供了一些相当确凿的证据。
• Franklin did not believe that the French tests were conclusive.富兰克林不相信这个法国人的实验是结论性的。

6 wary   

adj.谨慎的，机警的，小心的

参考例句：

• He is wary of telling secrets to others.他谨防向他人泄露秘密。
• Paula frowned,suddenly wary.宝拉皱了皱眉头，突然警惕起来。

7 hormonal   

adj.激素的

参考例句：

• Some viral diseases are more severe during pregnancy, probably tecause of hormonal changes. 有些病毒病在妊娠期间比较严重，可能是由于激素变化引起的。
• She underwent surgical intervention and a subsequent short period of hormonal therapy. 他接受外科手术及随后短暂荷尔蒙治疗。

8 debilitating   

a.使衰弱的

参考例句：

• The debilitating disease made him too weak to work. 这个令他衰弱的病，使他弱到没有办法工作。
• You may soon leave one debilitating condition or relationship forever. 你即将永远地和这段霉运说拜拜了。

9 cramps   

n. 抽筋, 腹部绞痛, 铁箍 adj. 狭窄的, 难解的 v. 使...抽筋, 以铁箍扣紧, 束缚

参考例句：

• If he cramps again let the line cut him off. 要是它再抽筋，就让这钓索把它勒断吧。
• "I have no cramps." he said. “我没抽筋，"他说。

10 supremely   

adv.无上地，崇高地

参考例句：

• They managed it all supremely well. 这件事他们干得极其出色。
• I consider a supremely beautiful gesture. 我觉得这是非常优雅的姿态。

11 intensities   

n.强烈( intensity的名词复数 )；（感情的）强烈程度；强度；烈度

参考例句：

• At very high intensities, nuclear radiations cause itching and tingling of the skin. 当核辐射强度很高时，它能使皮肤感到发痒和刺痛。 来自辞典例句
• They ask again and again in a variety of ways and intensities. 他们会以不同的方式和强度来不停地问，直到他得到自己想要的答案为止。 来自互联网

12 infancy   

n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期

参考例句：

• He came to England in his infancy.他幼年时期来到英国。
• Their research is only in its infancy.他们的研究处于初级阶段。

13 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

14 rib   

n.肋骨，肋状物

参考例句：

• He broke a rib when he fell off his horse.他从马上摔下来折断了一根肋骨。
• He has broken a rib and the doctor has strapped it up.他断了一根肋骨，医生已包扎好了。