2022年经济学人 巴基斯坦强降雨导致毁灭性洪水

The world this week--Politics

本周国际要闻--政治

Exceptionally heavy monsoon¹ rains over two months have caused devastating² floods in Pakistan, killing³ more than 1,100 people and leaving a third of the country under water.

两个多月来罕见的强季风降雨在巴基斯坦造成毁灭性的洪水，导致1100多人死亡，该国三分之一的地区被洪水淹没。

Shehbaz Sharif, the prime minister, said that a million homes have been wrecked⁴ and thousands of miles of roads destroyed.

巴基斯坦总理谢夏巴兹·谢里夫表示，100万所房屋被毁坏，数千英里的道路被破坏。

The climate minister described it as a “catastrophe”, blaming countries that have become “rich on the back of fossil fuels”.

该国气候部长将其描述为一场“灾难”，指责那些“依靠化石燃料致富”的国家。

Separately, the IMF approved a $1.1bn payout to Pakistan after the government implemented⁵ an austerity budget, which included sharp increases in fuel and food prices amid high inflation.

另外，国际货币基金组织批准向巴基斯坦支付11亿美元，此前该国政府实施了紧缩预算，该预算包括了在高通胀情况下大幅上涨的燃料和食品价格。

The measures have quickly made the new government unpopular.

这些措施很快使新政府不受欢迎。

The IMF also reached an agreement to provide Sri Lanka with a $2.9bn loan to help it through its worst economic crisis since independence in 1948.

国际货币基金组织还达成协议，向斯里兰卡提供29亿美元贷款，帮助该国度过1948年独立以来最严重的经济危机。

As part of the agreement Sri Lanka must implement⁶ serious tax reforms.

作为协议的一部分，斯里兰卡必须实施重要的税收改革。

Nicolás Maduro, Venezuela’s autocratic ruler, received Colombia’s new ambassador to the country.

委内瑞拉独裁统治者尼古拉斯·马杜罗接见了哥伦比亚新任驻该国大使。

It marks the re-establishment of diplomatic ties between the two countries, which had been severed⁷ since 2019.

这标志着自2019年以来中断的两国外交关系重新建立。

Gustavo Petro, Colombia’s left-wing president, who recently assumed office, has also announced that the border will be reopened, and that military relations may be restored, too.

最近上任的哥伦比亚左翼总统古斯塔沃·彼得罗也宣布，该国边境将重新开放，军事关系也可能会恢复。

A truth commission set up by the Mexican government said that six of the 43 students who went missing in 2014 were kept alive in a warehouse⁸ for several days.

墨西哥政府成立的真相委员会表示，2014年失踪的43名学生中，有6人曾在关押的仓库里存活了几天。

An official at the commission claimed that a local army commander ordered their killings⁹.

该委员会的一名官员声称是一名当地军队指挥官下令杀害了他们。

A week earlier, the attorney-general who oversaw¹⁰ the original investigation¹¹ into the disappearances¹² was arrested by federal agents.

一周前，最初负责失踪案调查的司法部长被联邦探员逮捕。

Supporters of Muqtada al-Sadr, a rabble-rousing Iraqi cleric, breached¹³ the fortified¹⁴ seat of Iraq’s government and tried to march on the home of a former prime minister, Nuri al-Maliki, sparking gun battles that killed at least 30 people.

伊拉克神职人员穆克塔达·萨德尔煽动暴力，他的支持者攻破了伊拉克政府戒备森严的据点，并试图向前总理努里·马利基的住所进军，引发了枪战，造成至少30人死亡。

The protests come after months of deadlock¹⁵ in which Mr Sadr, whose party won the most seats in elections last year, has been unable to form a government.

萨德尔所在的政党在去年的选举中赢得了最多席位，但他领导的政党一直未能组建政府，在数月的僵局之后，抗议活动爆发了。

At least 32 people were killed and more than 100 injured in clashes between rival militias¹⁶ in Tripoli, the capital of Libya.

在利比亚首都的黎波里，敌对的民兵组织发生冲突，造成至少32人死亡，100多人受伤。

The government said that the violence broke out when one group of armed men began “firing randomly¹⁷ at a convoy”.

该国政府表示，当一群武装人员开始“向车队随意开枪”时，暴力活动就爆发了。

Angola’s ruling party, the MPLA, which has run the country since its independence in 1975, claimed victory with 51% of the vote in a general election that was widely expected to be rigged.

安哥拉执政党“安哥拉人民解放运动”自1975年独立以来一直掌管着该国，该党在大选中以51%的得票率获胜，人们普遍认为有人在幕后操纵了这次大选。

The main opposition¹⁸, UNITA, which ostensibly won 44%, rejected the result and has filed official complaints.

主要的反对党“安盟”，在表面上赢得了44%的选票，拒绝接受这次选举结果，并正式提出抗议。

1 monsoon   

n.季雨，季风，大雨

参考例句：

• The monsoon rains started early this year.今年季雨降雨开始得早。
• The main climate type in that region is monsoon.那个地区主要以季风气候为主要气候类型。

2 devastating   

adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的

参考例句：

• It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
• Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。

3 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

4 wrecked   

adj.失事的，遇难的

参考例句：

• the hulk of a wrecked ship 遇难轮船的残骸
• the salvage of the wrecked tanker 对失事油轮的打捞

5 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

6 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

7 severed   

v.切断，断绝( sever的过去式和过去分词 )；断，裂

参考例句：

• The doctor said I'd severed a vessel in my leg. 医生说我割断了腿上的一根血管。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• We have severed diplomatic relations with that country. 我们与那个国家断绝了外交关系。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 warehouse   

n.仓库；vt.存入仓库

参考例句：

• We freighted the goods to the warehouse by truck.我们用卡车把货物运到仓库。
• The manager wants to clear off the old stocks in the warehouse.经理想把仓库里积压的存货处理掉。

9 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

10 oversaw   

v.监督，监视( oversee的过去式 )

参考例句：

• He will go down as the president who oversaw two historic transitions. 他将作为见证了巴西两次历史性转变的总统，安然引退。 来自互联网
• Dixon oversaw the project as creative director of Design Research Studio. 狄克逊监督项目的创意总监设计研究工作室。 来自互联网

11 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

12 disappearances   

n.消失( disappearance的名词复数 )；丢失；失踪；失踪案

参考例句：

• Most disappearances are the result of the terrorist activity. 大多数的失踪案都是恐怖分子造成的。 来自辞典例句
• The espionage, the betrayals, the arrests, the tortures, the executions, the disappearances will never cease. 间谍活动、叛党卖国、逮捕拷打、处决灭迹，这种事情永远不会完。 来自英汉文学

13 breached   

攻破( breach的现在分词 )； 破坏，违反

参考例句：

• These commitments have already been breached. 这些承诺已遭背弃。
• Our tanks have breached the enemy defences. 我方坦克车突破了敌人的防线。

14 fortified   

adj. 加强的

参考例句：

• He fortified himself against the cold with a hot drink. 他喝了一杯热饮御寒。
• The enemy drew back into a few fortified points. 敌人收缩到几个据点里。

15 deadlock   

n.僵局，僵持

参考例句：

• The negotiations reached a deadlock after two hours.两小时后，谈判陷入了僵局。
• The employers and strikers are at a deadlock over the wage.雇主和罢工者在工资问题上相持不下。

16 militias   

n.民兵组织，民兵( militia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias. 部队并不打算解除战斗中的民兵武装。 来自辞典例句
• The neighborhood was a battleground for Shiite and Sunni militias. 那里曾是什叶派和逊尼派武装分子的战场。 来自互联网

17 randomly   

adv.随便地，未加计划地

参考例句：

• Within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions. 在灼热的气体燃烧室内，分子在各个方向上作无规运动。 来自辞典例句
• Transformed cells are loosely attached, rounded and randomly oriented. 转化细胞则不大贴壁、圆缩并呈杂乱分布。 来自辞典例句

18 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。