2022年经济学人 美联储或在明年全年加息

The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

Central-bank officials attending the annual Jackson Hole symposium¹ conveyed a clear, hawkish² message on interest rates.

出席Jackson Hole年度研讨会的央行官员传达了一个明确的、强硬的利率信息。

Jerome Powell, chairman of the Federal Reserve, said he expected the Fed would raise rates throughout next year.

美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔表示，他预计美联储将在明年全年加息。

Officials from the European Central Bank talked of “sacrifice”, and said that the lessons of the 1970s showed there should be no easing of monetary³ tightening⁴ at the first signs of a dip in inflation.

欧洲央行官员谈到了“牺牲”，并表示，上世纪70年代的教训表明，在出现通胀下降的最初迹象时，不应放松货币紧缩。

The ECB is expected to lift rates at its next meeting on September 8th.

预计欧洲央行将在9月8日的下一次会议上提高利率。

The central bankers warned that higher rates were necessary to tame inflation, even if they lead to recession.

央行官员警告称，提高利率对于抑制通货膨胀是必要的，即使这会导致经济衰退。

The stark⁵ commitments to carry on with rate increases rattled⁶ stockmarkets.

继续加息的明确承诺令股市动荡不安。

The S&P 500, NASDAQ composite, Dow Jones Industrial Average, FTSE 100 and German DAX all fell sharply over a few days, wiping out most of the gains they had made during August’s rally.

标准普尔500指数、纳斯达克综合指数、道琼斯工业平均指数、富时100指数和德国DAX指数都在几天内大幅下跌，抹去了8月份反弹期间的大部分涨幅。

Annual inflation in the euro zone rose to 9.1% in August (it was over 20% in the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania).

欧元区8月份的年通货膨胀率升至9.1%(波罗的海国家爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛的通胀率超过20%)。

All indicators⁷ point to prices rising even more sharply over the coming months.

所有指标都表明，未来几个月的价格涨幅会更大。

The ECB is now expected to raise its main interest rate by more than half a percentage point.

目前预计欧洲央行将把主要利率上调0.5个百分点以上。

Soaring energy prices are a big cause of Europe’s inflation woes⁸, and show no sign of easing amid the disruption to Russian gas supplies.

能源价格飙升是欧洲通胀困境的一个重要原因，在俄罗斯天然气供应中断的情况下，能源价格飙升没有任何缓解的迹象。

This week Gazprom, Russia’s state gas producer, shut the Nord Stream 1 pipeline⁹ again for three days, apparently¹⁰ for more repairs.

本周，俄罗斯国有天然气生产商Gazprom再次将北溪1号管道关闭三天，显然是为了进行更多的维修。

Gazprom is also set to stop all shipments to Engie, a French utility, in a payment dispute.

在一场付款纠纷中，Gazprom还将停止向法国公用事业公司Engie运送天然气。

Meanwhile, Uniper, one of Germany’s biggest utilities, asked for a government increase to its credit line to avoid a liquidity¹¹ crunch¹².

与此同时，德国最大的公用事业公司之一Uniper要求政府增加其信贷额度，以避免流动性紧缩。

Wien Energie, which supplies Vienna, warned of difficulties in financing its operations.

为维也纳供应能源的Wien Energie警告称，在融资方面存在困难。

Amid the turmoil¹³, the European Commission said it was working flat out on an intervention¹⁴ plan that would “decouple” gas prices from the electricity market.

在动荡之际，欧盟委员会表示，该组织正在全力制定一项干预计划，使天然气价格与电力市场“脱钩”。

In Britain the energy regulator lifted the price cap on bills by 80%.

在英国，能源监管机构将账单的价格上限提高了80%。

From October the average household’s annual bill for gas and electricity will rise to ￡3,549 ($4,117).

从10月份开始，普通家庭每年的燃气费和电费将升至3549英磅(合4117美元)。

Companies are not covered by the cap; some said they would go bankrupt.

多家公司不在这一价格上限的覆盖范围内；一些公司表示，它们将会破产。

Turkey’s economy grew by 7.6% in the second quarter, year on year.

土耳其第二季度经济同比增长7.6%。

The weak lira, a result of the government’s unorthodox economic policies, has boosted exports.

由于该国政府的另类经济政策，里拉疲软促进了出口。

But household consumption, up by 22.5% in the quarter, also added to GDP.

但是家庭消费在本季度增长了22.5%，也使国内生产总值增长了。

With inflation at 80%, households have brought forward their purchases to beat further price increases over the coming months.

在通胀率高达80%的情况下，该国家庭提前购买物品，以应对未来几个月物价的进一步上涨。

Meanwhile, Turkish authorities raised energy prices for households by an average of 20%, and industry by 50%.

与此同时，土耳其当局将家庭能源价格平均上调了20%，工业能源价格平均上调了50%。

1 symposium   

n.讨论会，专题报告会；专题论文集

参考例句：

• What have you learned from the symposium?你参加了这次科学讨论会有什么体会？
• The specialists and scholars present at the symposium come from all corners of the country.出席研讨会的专家学者们来自全国各地。

2 hawkish   

adj. 鹰派的, 强硬派的

参考例句：

• My staff's advice that first day was amazingly hawkish. 在第一天，我的僚属们的意见是令人吃惊的鹰派意见。
• Antiwar groups fear Barack Obama may create hawkish Cabinet. 反战团体担心巴拉克·奥巴马可以创建强硬派内阁。

3 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

4 tightening   

上紧，固定，紧密

参考例句：

• Make sure the washer is firmly seated before tightening the pipe. 旋紧水管之前，检查一下洗衣机是否已牢牢地固定在底座上了。
• It needs tightening up a little. 它还需要再收紧些。

5 stark   

adj.荒凉的；严酷的；完全的；adv.完全地

参考例句：

• The young man is faced with a stark choice.这位年轻人面临严峻的抉择。
• He gave a stark denial to the rumor.他对谣言加以完全的否认。

6 rattled   

慌乱的，恼火的

参考例句：

• The truck jolted and rattled over the rough ground. 卡车嘎吱嘎吱地在凹凸不平的地面上颠簸而行。
• Every time a bus went past, the windows rattled. 每逢公共汽车经过这里，窗户都格格作响。

7 indicators   

（仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的）指针( indicator的名词复数 )； 指示物； （车辆上的）转弯指示灯； 指示信号

参考例句：

• The economic indicators are better than expected. 经济指标比预期的好。
• It is still difficult to develop indicators for many concepts used in social science. 为社会科学领域的许多概念确立一个指标仍然很难。

8 woes   

困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉

参考例句：

• Thanks for listening to my woes. 谢谢您听我诉说不幸的遭遇。
• She has cried the blues about its financial woes. 对于经济的困难她叫苦不迭。

9 pipeline   

n.管道，管线

参考例句：

• The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
• A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。

10 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

11 liquidity   

n.流动性，偿债能力，流动资产

参考例句：

• The bank has progressively increased its liquidity.银行逐渐地增加其流动资产。
• The demand for and the supply of credit is closely linked to changes in liquidity.信用的供求和流动资金的变化有密切关系。

12 crunch   

n.关键时刻；艰难局面；v.发出碎裂声

参考例句：

• If it comes to the crunch they'll support us.关键时刻他们是会支持我们的。
• People who crunch nuts at the movies can be very annoying.看电影时嘎吱作声地嚼干果的人会使人十分讨厌。

13 turmoil   

n.骚乱，混乱，动乱

参考例句：

• His mind was in such a turmoil that he couldn't get to sleep.内心的纷扰使他无法入睡。
• The robbery put the village in a turmoil.抢劫使全村陷入混乱。

14 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。