2022年经济学人 特拉斯就任英国首相 组建“忠诚”内阁

The world this week--Politics

本周国际要闻--政治

Liz Truss won the leadership contest of Britain’s Conservative Party, thus becoming prime minister.

利兹·特拉斯在英国保守党领袖竞选中获胜，成为英国首相。

Ms Truss appointed loyalists to the top jobs in her cabinet.

特拉斯任命效忠她的人担任内阁的最高职位。

Kwasi Kwarteng was appointed chancellor¹ of the exchequer², James Cleverly foreign secretary and Suella Braverman home secretary.

夸西·夸腾被任命为财政大臣，詹姆斯·克莱弗利被任命为外交大臣，苏埃拉·布雷弗曼被任命为内政大臣。

There was no place at the table for Rishi Sunak, her opponent in the Tory race.

她在保守党竞选中的对手里希·苏纳克在谈判桌上没有一席之地。

Ms Truss’s most pressing task is helping³ Britons through the cost-of-living crisis.

特拉斯最紧迫的任务是帮助英国人度过生活成本危机。

She unveiled plans to cap energy prices in order to protect households and firms from surging bills.

她公布了限制能源价格的计划，以保护家庭和公司免受飙升账单的影响。

Ursula Von der Leyen, the European Commission’s president, proposed a set of measures to cushion the impact of rising energy priceson Europe’s economy.

欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩提出了一系列措施，以缓解能源价格上涨对欧洲经济的影响。

They include mandatory⁴ consumption cuts, taxing the windfall profits of energy firms to provide rebates⁵ to consumers and capping the price of Russian gas.

这些措施包括强制削减耗能，对能源公司的暴利征税，为耗能者提供回扣，以及限制俄罗斯天然气的价格。

European energy ministers will meet on September 9th to discuss the proposals.

数位欧洲能源部长将于9月9日开会讨论这些提议。

Russia has slashed⁶ gas deliveries to Europe to exert pressure on it to stop supporting Ukraine.

俄罗斯已经削减了对欧洲的天然气供应，以向欧洲施压，要求其停止支持乌克兰。

The International Atomic Energy Agency published its assessment⁷ of the situation at the Zaporizhia nuclear plant in Ukraine, following a visit by its inspectors⁸.

国际原子能机构在其检查人员访问乌克兰扎波罗热核电站后，公布了对该核电站情况的评估。

The report said that continued shelling in the area was causing damage, including to the building that houses “fresh nuclear fuel”.

报告称，该地区持续不断的炮击正在造成破坏，包括对存放“新核燃料”的建筑造成的破坏。

The IAEA suggests it is urgent to establish a protection zone around the facility.

国际原子能机构建议，在核设施周围建立一个保护区迫在眉睫。

Vladimir Putin approved a foreign-policy doctrine⁹ based on protecting the “Russian world”, which in essence means allowing the Kremlin to interfere¹⁰ in other countries with Russian-speaking populations.

弗拉基米尔·普京批准了一项以保护“俄罗斯世界”为基础的外交政策，这在本质上意味着允许俄罗斯干涉其他讲俄语的国家。

Meanwhile, a court in Moscow sentenced Ivan Safronov, a widely respected former journalist, to 22 years in prison after a closed-doors trial.

与此同时，莫斯科一家法院经过闭门审判，判处广受尊敬的前记者伊万·萨夫诺夫22年监禁。

Mr Safronov was arrested in 2020 on charges of treason, which he denies.

萨夫诺夫于2020年因叛国罪被捕，他否认了这一指控。

He had written about Russia’s defence industry.

他曾写过关于俄罗斯国防工业的文章。

Russia is reportedly buying millions of rockets from North Korea to deploy¹¹ in Ukraine.

据报道，俄罗斯从朝鲜购买了数百万枚火箭，部署在乌克兰。

A Pentagon official said turning to North Korea for weapons was a sign the Russians were facing “challenges on the sustainment front”.

五角大楼一名官员表示，向朝鲜寻求武器是一个迹象，表明俄罗斯面临着“维持战线方面的挑战”。

Kenya’s Supreme¹² Court dismissed an appeal by Raila Odinga against his narrow loss in a recent presidential election to William Ruto.

肯尼亚最高法院驳回了拉伊拉·奥廷加的上诉--他在近期的总统选举中以微弱劣势输给了威廉·鲁托。

Mr Ruto will be sworn in to office on September 13th.

鲁托将于9月13日宣誓就职。

1 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

2 exchequer   

n.财政部；国库

参考例句：

• In Britain the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支。
• This resulted in a considerable loss to the exchequer.这使国库遭受了重大损失。

3 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

4 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

5 rebates   

n.退还款( rebate的名词复数 )；回扣；返还（退还的部份货价）；折扣

参考例句：

• The VAT system offers advantages, such as rebates on exports. 增值税有其优点，如对出口商品实行回扣。 来自辞典例句
• In more recent years rate rebates have been introduced for households. 近年地方税的减免已适用于家庭。 来自辞典例句

6 slashed   

v.挥砍( slash的过去式和过去分词 )；鞭打；割破；削减

参考例句：

• Someone had slashed the tyres on my car. 有人把我的汽车轮胎割破了。
• He slashed the bark off the tree with his knife. 他用刀把树皮从树上砍下。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

8 inspectors   

n.检查员( inspector的名词复数 )；（英国公共汽车或火车上的）查票员；（警察）巡官；检阅官

参考例句：

• They got into the school in the guise of inspectors. 他们假装成视察员进了学校。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Inspectors checked that there was adequate ventilation. 检查员已检查过，通风良好。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 doctrine   

n.教义；主义；学说

参考例句：

• He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
• The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。

10 interfere   

v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰

参考例句：

• If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话，可能弊多利少。
• When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件，棘手的事情就来了。

11 deploy   

v.（军）散开成战斗队形，布置，展开

参考例句：

• The infantry began to deploy at dawn.步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置。
• The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.总统称并不打算部署地面部队。

12 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。