2022年经济学人 英国财政大臣抛弃几乎所有减税措施

The world this week--Politics

本周国际要闻--政治

Jeremy Hunt, Britain’s new chancellor¹ of the exchequer², ditched almost all of the unfunded tax cuts in the government’s mini-budget; the cuts had helped cause mayhem in the markets when they were announced on September 23rd.

英国新任财政大臣杰里米·亨特抛弃了政府迷你预算中几乎所有无资金准备的减税措施; 这些减税措施在9月23日宣布时在市场上造成了混乱。

Mr Hunt was appointed to the job after Kwasi Kwarteng was unceremoniously sacked as chancellor by Liz Truss, the prime minister.

亨特是在夸西·克沃滕被首相利兹·特拉斯毫不客气地解雇后被任命为财政大臣的。

Mr Hunt, a former foreign secretary, has put the Treasury³ firmly back in control of policy, a humiliation⁴ for Ms Truss, who had promised to rip up “abacus economics”.

前外交大臣亨特让财政部重新牢牢掌握了政策的控制权，这对曾承诺撕毁“算盘经济学”的特拉斯来说是一种羞辱。

Amid chaotic⁵ scenes in Parliament, speculation⁶ swirled⁷ about how long Ms Truss could last.

在议会混乱的场面中，人们纷纷猜测特拉斯还能就任多久。

Adding to the tumult⁸ Suella Braverman resigned from her job as home secretary after just 43 days.

更让人不安的是，休拉·布雷弗曼刚担任内政大臣43天就辞职了。

In a parting shot, Ms Braverman, who is on the Tory right, laid into the government’s lack of direction.

保守党右翼布雷弗曼临别时撂下狠话，痛斥政府缺乏方向。

Russia once again pounded Ukraine with waves of cruise-missile and drone attacks, aimed at the country’s electrical infrastructure⁹ in the hope of freezing Ukraine into submission¹⁰.

俄罗斯再次用巡航导弹和无人机袭击乌克兰，袭击目标是乌克兰的电力基础设施，希望让该国屈服。

Russia seems to have acquired huge stocks of cheap Iranian drones.

俄罗斯似乎已经获得了大批伊朗廉价的无人机。

But Ukraine has been able to shoot down many of the drones and missiles and has so far been quick to restore power to affected¹¹ areas.

但乌克兰已经击落了许多无人机和导弹，并迅速恢复了受影响地区的电力供应。

Overall capacity is suffering though, so rationing¹² seems increasingly likely.

不过，整体产能不足，因此实行定量配给的可能性似乎越来越大。

Ukraine’s counter-offensive in the south appeared to be gaining momentum¹³ as the Russian occupation authorities in the city of Kherson started to evacuate¹⁴ civilians¹⁵ and move administrative¹⁶ offices across the Dnieper river.

乌克兰在南部的反攻似乎势头正盛，占领赫尔松市的俄罗斯当局开始疏散平民，并将行政办公室迁到第聂伯河对岸。

Adding to the sense of crisis, Vladimir Putin announced that martial¹⁷ law was being imposed in the four provinces that Russia has partially¹⁸ occupied.

弗拉基米尔·普京宣布，在俄罗斯非完全占领的四个省份实行戒严，这更增加了危机感。

Kherson, one of the most significant gains for the Russians since the invasion began, may soon be back in Ukrainian hands.

赫尔松是俄罗斯自入侵开始以来取得的最重大进展之一，可能很快就会回到乌克兰手中。

Mr Putin suggested that his mobilisation drive to bolster¹⁹ army numbers was nearly over, and that 220,000 men had been drafted.

普京表示，增加军队人数的动员行动已接近尾声，已有22万人应征入伍。

Gunmen opened fire at a training ground for new recruits in Belgorod, close to the Ukrainian border, killing²⁰ 11 people.

在靠近乌克兰边境的别尔哥罗德，数名持枪歹徒在一个新兵训练场开枪，造成11人死亡。

The gunmen are reported to be Tajik nationals who had been recruited to fight in Ukraine and had got into a row over religion.

据报道，这些持枪歹徒是塔吉克人，他们被招募到乌克兰参加战斗，因宗教问题发生争执。

Elon Musk²¹ reversed course, and promised that Spacex, a rockets and satellites company that he runs, would continue to fund electronic communications in Ukraine through its Starlink internet network.

埃隆·马斯克改变了路线，承诺他经营的太空探索技术公司(火箭和卫星公司)将继续通过其星链互联网资助乌克兰的电子通信。

Starlink has become a vital strategic tool for Ukrainian forces fighting Russia.

星链已经成为乌克兰军队对抗俄罗斯的重要战略工具。

1 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

2 exchequer   

n.财政部；国库

参考例句：

• In Britain the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支。
• This resulted in a considerable loss to the exchequer.这使国库遭受了重大损失。

3 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

4 humiliation   

n.羞辱

参考例句：

• He suffered the humiliation of being forced to ask for his cards.他蒙受了被迫要求辞职的羞辱。
• He will wish to revenge his humiliation in last Season's Final.他会为在上个季度的决赛中所受的耻辱而报复的。

5 chaotic   

adj.混沌的，一片混乱的，一团糟的

参考例句：

• Things have been getting chaotic in the office recently.最近办公室的情况越来越乱了。
• The traffic in the city was chaotic.这城市的交通糟透了。

6 speculation   

n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机

参考例句：

• Her mind is occupied with speculation.她的头脑忙于思考。
• There is widespread speculation that he is going to resign.人们普遍推测他要辞职。

7 swirled   

v.旋转，打旋( swirl的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The waves swirled and eddied around the rocks. 波浪翻滚着在岩石周围打旋。
• The water swirled down the drain. 水打着旋流进了下水道。

8 tumult   

n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹

参考例句：

• The tumult in the streets awakened everyone in the house.街上的喧哗吵醒了屋子里的每一个人。
• His voice disappeared under growing tumult.他的声音消失在越来越响的喧哗声中。

9 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

10 submission   

n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出

参考例句：

• The defeated general showed his submission by giving up his sword.战败将军缴剑表示投降。
• No enemy can frighten us into submission.任何敌人的恐吓都不能使我们屈服。

11 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

12 rationing   

n.定量供应

参考例句：

• Wartime austerities included food rationing and shortage of fuel. 战时的艰苦包括食物配给和燃料短缺。
• Food rationing was abolished in that country long ago. 那个国家早就取消了粮食配给制。

13 momentum   

n.动力，冲力，势头；动量

参考例句：

• We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
• The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。

14 evacuate   

v.遣送；搬空；抽出；排泄；大(小)便

参考例句：

• We must evacuate those soldiers at once!我们必须立即撤出这些士兵！
• They were planning to evacuate the seventy American officials still in the country.他们正计划转移仍滞留在该国的70名美国官员。

15 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

16 administrative   

adj.行政的，管理的

参考例句：

• The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
• He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

17 martial   

adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的

参考例句：

• The sound of martial music is always inspiring.军乐声总是鼓舞人心的。
• The officer was convicted of desertion at a court martial.这名军官在军事法庭上被判犯了擅离职守罪。

18 partially   

adv.部分地，从某些方面讲

参考例句：

• The door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。
• The police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静，宵禁部分解除。

19 bolster   

n.枕垫；v.支持，鼓励

参考例句：

• The high interest rates helped to bolster up the economy.高利率使经济更稳健。
• He tried to bolster up their morale.他尽力鼓舞他们的士气。

20 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

21 musk   

n.麝香, 能发出麝香的各种各样的植物，香猫

参考例句：

• Musk is used for perfume and stimulant.麝香可以用作香料和兴奋剂。
• She scented her clothes with musk.她用麝香使衣服充满了香味。