2022年经济学人 伊朗抗议活动致230多人被杀

The world this week--Politics

本周国际要闻--政治

More than 230 people have been killed and over 12,000 have been arrested, according to tallies¹ by human-rights groups, as protests rage on in Iran.

据人权组织的统计，随着伊朗抗议活动的爆发，已有230多人被杀害，12000多人被逮捕。

The movement against the ayatollahs’ regime has largely been led by women.

反对阿亚图拉(穆斯林宗教领袖)政权的运动主要是由妇女领导的。

In response to the violence, America has lengthened² the list of individuals and groups subject to sanctions.

美国对该暴力事件作出回应，加长了受制裁的个人和团体的名单。

The ruling clerics seem uncertain whether to give ground or crack down more fiercely.

执政的神职人员似乎不确定是做出让步还是实施更严厉地镇压。

Israeli defence forces killed five Palestinians in a raid into the West Bank city of Nablus, where an Israeli soldier had been killed earlier this month.

以色列国防军在对约旦河西岸城市纳布卢斯的突袭中杀害了5名巴勒斯坦人，而本月早些时候，纳布卢斯有一名以色列士兵被杀害。

A sixth Palestinian was killed in a later incident.

第六名巴勒斯坦人在后来的事件中丧生。

Opinion polls preceding the Israeli election scheduled for November 1st show no clear favourite.

以色列大选（定于11月1日举行）之前的民意调查显示，没有明确的热门人选。

The two leading contenders are blocs³ led by Yair Lapid, the incumbent⁴ prime minister, and Binyamin Netanyahu, a long-serving former prime minister.

两名领先的竞争者属于现任总理亚伊尔·拉皮德和长期任职的前总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡领导的阵营。

Pundits⁵ reckon that Mr Netanyahu’s alliance has a slight edge.

专家们认为内塔尼亚胡的联盟略微占优势。

In the lead-up to the football World Cup, which kicks off on November 20th in Qatar, the country faces mounting complaints about labour abuses and the persecution⁶ of gay people.

世界杯足球赛将于11月20日在卡塔尔拉开帷幕，在世界杯的准备阶段，该国面临着越来越多关于虐待劳工和迫害同性恋者的控诉。

Watchdogs allege⁷ the arbitrary arrests of gay activists⁸.

监督机构指控同性恋活动人士遭任意逮捕。

Some football stars have said they will be wearing armbands to show support for victims.

一些足球明星表示，为了表示对受害者的支持，他们将佩戴袖章。

Peace talks between the Ethiopian government and the rulers of Tigray, a rebellious⁹ northern province, have started after nearly two years of civil war.

在经历了近两年的内战后，埃塞俄比亚政府和北部叛乱省份提格雷的统治者开始了和平谈判。

Millions of civilians¹¹ in Tigray are under blockade by the government and have not received aid since fighting resumed in August.

提格雷数以百万计的平民被政府封锁，自8月重启战斗以来这些平民就没有得到援助。

At least 50 people were killed and 300 injured when police in Chad intervened in protests demanding civilian¹⁰ rule.

乍得(非洲国家)警方对要求文官统治的抗议活动进行干预，造成至少50人死亡，300人受伤。

The protests erupted after the junta¹² that seized power in April 2021 broke its promise to hand power to a civilian administration this month.

抗议活动是在2021年4月夺取政权的军政府违背本月将权力移交给文官政府的承诺后爆发的。

Rishi Sunak became Britain’s third prime minister in two months, taking over from Liz Truss.

里希·苏纳克接替利兹·特拉斯，成为两个月内英国的第三任首相。

Ms Truss, who resigned after a disastrous¹³ mini-budget spooked financial markets, was the shortest-serving prime minister in history.

特拉斯是历史上任期最短的首相，她的一份灾难性的迷你预算引起了金融市场恐慌，此后便辞职了。

Mr Sunak was the only candidate for leadership of the ruling Conservative Party to garner¹⁴ enough nominations¹⁵ from Tory MPs enter the race, after efforts by Boris Johnson to mount a comeback stalled.

在鲍里斯·约翰逊试图东山再起的努力陷入停滞之后，苏纳克是唯一一位从保守党议员那里获得足够提名参加竞选的执政党领袖候选人。

In an attempt to bring the Tories together, Mr Sunak appointed a cabinet from different wings of the party.

为了将保守党团结在一起，苏纳克从该党的不同派别中任命了一个内阁。

Jeremy Hunt was reappointed chancellor¹⁶; James Cleverly, a backer of Mr Johnson, remained foreign secretary.

杰里米·亨特再次被任命为财政大臣; 约翰逊的支持者詹姆斯·克莱弗利仍担任外交大臣。

The reappointment of Suella Braverman as home secretary stoked controversy¹⁷; she had been forced to resign from the same position days earlier after sending an official document from her personal email.

再次任命苏拉·布雷弗曼为内政大臣引发了争议; 几天前，她用个人邮箱发送了一份官方文件后，被迫辞去了内政大臣一职。

Giorgia Meloni, the leader of the nationalist Brothers of Italy party, was sworn in as prime minister of Italy.

意大利民族主义政党意大利兄弟党领袖乔治·梅洛尼宣誓就任意大利总理。

She has promised strong support for Ukraine.

她承诺对乌克兰提供强有力的支持。

Some observers fear a more confrontational¹⁸ relationship with Brussels, though she will want to maintain access to Italy’s 200bn euros (201bn dollars) share of the EU’s covid recovery fund, which comes with strings¹⁹ attached.

一些观察人士担心该国会与布鲁塞尔的关系变得越来越敌对，尽管她希望继续获得欧盟新冠疫情恢复基金中意大利2000亿欧元(2010亿美元)的份额，但这是有附加条件的。

1 tallies   

n.账( tally的名词复数 )；符合；（计数的）签；标签v.计算，清点( tally的第三人称单数 )；加标签（或标记）于；（使）符合；（使）吻合

参考例句：

• Cash on hand tallies with the figure in the accounts. 现款跟账上的数目没有出入。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• He tallies his own marks. 他把自己的得分记了下来。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 lengthened   

（时间或空间）延长，伸长( lengthen的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The afternoon shadows lengthened. 下午影子渐渐变长了。
• He wanted to have his coat lengthened a bit. 他要把上衣放长一些。

3 blocs   

n.集团，联盟( bloc的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The division of Europe into warring blocs produces ever-increasing centrifugal stress. 把欧洲分为作战集团产生了越来越大的离心效果。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The policy of the two blocs was played out. 把世界分为两个集团的政策已经过时了。 来自辞典例句

4 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。

5 pundits   

n.某一学科的权威，专家( pundit的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The pundits disagree on the best way of dealing with the problem. 如何妥善处理这一问题，专家众说纷纭。 来自辞典例句
• That did not stop Chinese pundits from making a fuss over it. 这并没有阻止中国的博学之士对此大惊小怪。 来自互联网

6 persecution   

n. 迫害,烦扰

参考例句：

• He had fled from France at the time of the persecution. 他在大迫害时期逃离了法国。
• Their persecution only serves to arouse the opposition of the people. 他们的迫害只激起人民对他们的反抗。

7 allege   

vt.宣称，申述，主张，断言

参考例句：

• The newspaper reporters allege that the man was murdered but they have given no proof.新闻记者们宣称这个男人是被谋杀的，但他们没提出证据。
• Students occasionally allege illness as the reason for absence.学生时不时会称病缺课。

8 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 rebellious   

adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的

参考例句：

• They will be in danger if they are rebellious.如果他们造反，他们就要发生危险。
• Her reply was mild enough,but her thoughts were rebellious.她的回答虽然很温和，但她的心里十分反感。

10 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

11 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

12 junta   

n.团体；政务审议会

参考例句：

• The junta reacted violently to the perceived threat to its authority.军政府感到自身权力受威胁而进行了激烈反击。
• A military junta took control of the country.一个军政权控制了国家。

13 disastrous   

adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的

参考例句：

• The heavy rainstorm caused a disastrous flood.暴雨成灾。
• Her investment had disastrous consequences.She lost everything she owned.她的投资结果很惨，血本无归。

14 garner   

v.收藏；取得

参考例句：

• He has garnered extensive support for his proposals.他的提议得到了广泛的支持。
• Squirrels garner nuts for the winter.松鼠为过冬储存松果。

15 nominations   

n.提名，任命( nomination的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Nominations are invited for the post of party chairman. 为党主席职位征集候选人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Much coverage surrounded his abortive bids for the 1960,1964, and 1968 Republican Presidential nominations. 许多消息报道都围绕着1960年、1964年和1968年他为争取提名为共和党总统候选人所做努力的失败。 来自辞典例句

16 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

17 controversy   

n.争论，辩论，争吵

参考例句：

• That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
• We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。

18 confrontational   

adj.挑衅的；对抗的

参考例句：

• Fans love rappers partly because they strike such a confrontational pose. 乐迷热爱这些饶舌艺人一定程度上是因为他们所采取的那种战斗姿态。 来自互联网
• You prefer a non confrontational approach when it comes to resolving disputes. 面对争端，你不喜欢采用对抗性的手段来解决。 来自互联网

19 strings   

n.弦

参考例句：

• He sat on the bed,idly plucking the strings of his guitar.他坐在床上，随意地拨着吉他的弦。
• She swept her fingers over the strings of the harp.她用手指划过竖琴的琴弦。