2023年经济学人 老年痴呆新疗法(2)

 

    Dozens of such papers have been published.

    这样的论文已经发表了几十篇。

    But for every one that has found evidence of neurogenesis, another has failed to do so.

    但是，与每一个发现了神经发生证据的人相比，另一个群体却一无所获。

    The pro-neurogenesis camp thinks the null results are down to poor-quality brain tissue or crude preservation² techniques.

    支持神经发生的阵营认为，无效的结果是由于脑组织质量差或保存技术粗糙。

    The antis argue that either humans do not grow these neurons in the dentate gyrus, or if they do, there are too few of them to be useful.

    反对者认为，要么人类在齿状回中不生长这些神经元，要么即使生长了，它们也太少了，无法发挥作用。

    The research presented in Washington strengthens the case for human neurogenesis.

    在华盛顿发表的这项研究为人类神经发生的观点提供了更有力的理由。

    Maura Boldrini of Columbia University, María Llorens-Martín of the University of Madrid, Orly Lazarov at the University of Illinois at Chicago and Hongjun Song of the University of Pennsylvania presented evidence of young neurons in the dentate gyruses of humans—though most of their findings have not yet been peer reviewed.

    哥伦比亚大学的莫拉·宝尔德里尼、马德里大学的玛丽亚·伦斯-马丁、芝加哥伊利诺伊大学的奥利·拉扎洛夫 和宾夕法尼亚大学的弘隽·宋提出了人类齿状回中存在年轻神经元的证据——尽管他们的大部分发现尚未经过同行评审。

    Three of these researchers also studied the brains of healthy older people or people with Alzheimer’s disease.

    其中三名研究人员还研究了健康老年人或阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑。

    Their results suggested that the production of the supposed new neurons slows with age, and falls precipitously in Alzheimer’s disease.

    他们的研究结果表明，所谓的新神经元的产生随着年龄的增长而逐渐减缓，在患上老年痴呆症后急剧下降。

    Previous studies by two of the groups also found that Alzheimer’s patients with more of these neurons had better memories.

    其中两组先前的研究还发现，拥有更多这些神经元的阿尔茨海默病患者记忆力更好。

    But while the new research strengthens the case for human neurogenesis, it is not yet definitive³.

    但是，虽然这项新研究为人类神经发生的案例提供了更有力的理由，但它还不是决定性的。

    One group of researchers from Yale University questioned whether the staining technique used in one of the studies was accidentally tagging other brain cells such as astrocytes.

    耶鲁大学的一组研究人员质疑，在其中一项研究中使用的染色技术是否意外地标记了其他脑细胞，如星形胶质细胞。

    They are also concerned that the studies tend to find very few progenitor⁴ cells.

    他们还担心，这些研究往往只能发现很少的祖细胞。

    “Where are all the mothers of these baby neurons? ” asked Jon Arellano, one of the sceptics.

    “这些小神经元的母细胞在哪里?”怀疑论者之一的乔恩·阿雷利亚诺问道。

    There are other wrinkles.

    还出现了其他小问题。

    Dr Song found a different set of genes¹ expressed in the supposedly young human neurons from those seen in neurons from other animals.

    宋博士发现，在被认为是年轻的人类神经元中表达的一组基因，与其他动物神经元中的表达形式不同。

    And the few young neurons that both Dr Song and Dr Lazarov found in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients looked very different from the same neurons in healthy brains.

    宋博士和拉扎罗夫博士在阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑中发现的少数年轻神经元与健康大脑中的相同神经元看起来非常不同。

    If the new cells are somehow defective⁵, increasing their number may not help.

    如果新细胞有某种缺陷，增加它们的数量可能无济于事。

    But although not all the scientists at the conference were convinced, some drug-makers appear to be.

    但是，尽管不是所有参加会议的科学家都相信这一观点，一些制药商似乎是相信的。

    In April, Biomed Industries, a pharmaceutical⁶ firm based in California, said that results from an early clinical trial suggested that a new drug that the firm claims increases neurogenesis in mice improved memory in people with moderate Alzheimer’s.

    今年4月，总部位于加州的制药公司生物医药实业公司称，他们的一项早期临床试验的结果表明，有一种能促进小鼠神经发生的新药，同时也改善了中度阿尔茨海默氏症患者的记忆力。

    If subsequent trials prove to be equally encouraging, that could be further evidence that the neurogenesis theory of Alzheimer’s may indeed have something to it.

    如果后续的试验结果同样令人鼓舞，那将进一步证明阿尔茨海默氏症的神经发生理论可能确实前途无量。

1 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪

2 preservation   

n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持

参考例句：

• The police are responsible for the preservation of law and order.警察负责维持法律与秩序。
• The picture is in an excellent state of preservation.这幅画保存得极为完好。

3 definitive   

adj.确切的，权威性的；最后的，决定性的

参考例句：

• This book is the definitive guide to world cuisine.这本书是世界美食的权威指南。
• No one has come up with a definitive answer as to why this should be so.至于为什么该这样，还没有人给出明确的答复。

4 progenitor   

n.祖先，先驱

参考例句：

• He was also a progenitor of seven presidents of Nicaragua.他也是尼加拉瓜7任总统的祖先。
• Schoenberg was a progenitor of modern music.勋伯格是一位现代音乐的先驱。

5 defective   

adj.有毛病的，有问题的，有瑕疵的

参考例句：

• The firm had received bad publicity over a defective product. 该公司因为一件次品而受到媒体攻击。
• If the goods prove defective, the customer has the right to compensation. 如果货品证明有缺陷， 顾客有权索赔。

6 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。