纪录片《大英博物馆世界简史》 004一对游泳的驯鹿（5）

'At the beginning, of course, you can't really pull apart religion and art can you? Art is sacred because it is taking you to this space where you're not just doing the subject/object arm's-length approach to nature, it takes you to a new place and that's a religious activity. It's only as time goes on that religion becomes much more involved with issues around power, and art becomes much more involved with issues around self-expression, and these days, the two often look at each other from separate mountain peaks, peering in a puzzled kind of way through the mists.

“在最开始的时候，你肯定不能真正地把宗教与艺术区分开来的，不是吗？艺术是神圣的，因为它将你带领到另一个空间，让你不仅仅是主体与客体方式对待大自然，并且保持着一臂之距的疏离感。它同时带领你走进一个新领域，这便是一种宗教行为。只是在勿勿时光流逝中，宗教演变得越来越是涉及围绕权力之类的问题，而艺术越来越成为一种表达自我的方式；到了今天，两者往往是分别高居于两座巍然屹立的高峰之上，透过迷雾用谜一般的眼光审视着对方。”

'I don't think that primitive¹ human beings just had a ready-made word in their heads that sounded like 'God', and they immediately knew what it was. They were discovering how to be human in a world that was much more complicated because of their intelligence, and because of the new environmental challenges they were working with, and slowly the world - how should I say it? - almost reshapes itself. With that, and in your identification with the processes of the world, you begin to understand or intuit what in the 'Old Testament²' is called 'wisdom', a kind of principle of cohesion³ or cohesiveness⁴ underlying⁵ it all, and you identify that eventually with the mind of God.'

“我不认为远古人类脑中能有现成‘神’这个字，并能立刻感知‘神’的含义。随着他们自身智力发展，及他们自身正在对付的各种挑战，这世界变得越来越复杂，而他们还正在探索着如何成为这世界中的人类；慢慢地，这世界就，怎么说呢，几乎重新塑造了自身。凭借这点，加上在你自身识别这世界的过程中，你开始理解了，或者直觉地感受到了那《旧约》中所称的‘智慧’，一种最本质最基础的凝聚力或融合力，最终你能够定义了‘神’的含义。”

It seems that much of the art made around the world at the time of the Ice Age did have a religious dimension, although we can only guess at any ritual use. This art is part of a tradition still very much alive today, and it's also part of an evolving religious consciousness which still shapes many human societies. Objects like this sculpture of swimming reindeer⁶ take us into the minds and imaginations of people like us - into a world unseen but understood. And I think it's that ability to see beyond the functional⁷ and the physical - to use our imaginations - that ultimately makes us modern. At the time our swimming reindeer were carved in Europe, the people of north-east Asia were about to settle the Americas. That's for the next programme.

看来，冰河时代时世界各地的艺术品确实大部分都渲染上宗教的色彩，尽管我们只能猜测究竟是运用于什么仪式用途。这种艺术仍然是当代非常活跃的一种传统，同时也是一种不断塑造着人类社会、演化中的宗教意识。像这种游水驯鹿雕塑像这样的物品，把我们带近那些具有与我们相同的思想与想象力的原始人类，进入一个看不见但了解得到的世界。我想正是这种能超越功能与物质的见解能力，最终使我们成为现代人。当欧洲的定居者雕刻出我们这件驯鹿雕塑时，东北区地区的人类即将要在美洲安家。这将是下期节目的内容。

1 primitive   

adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物

参考例句：

• It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.逃离危险的地方是一种原始本能。
• His book describes the march of the civilization of a primitive society.他的著作描述了一个原始社会的开化过程。

2 testament   

n.遗嘱；证明

参考例句：

• This is his last will and testament.这是他的遗愿和遗嘱。
• It is a testament to the power of political mythology.这说明，编造政治神话可以产生多大的威力。

3 cohesion   

n.团结，凝结力

参考例句：

• I had to bring some cohesion into the company.我得使整个公司恢复凝聚力。
• The power of culture is deeply rooted in the vitality,creativity and cohesion of a nation. 文化的力量，深深熔铸在民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力之中。

4 cohesiveness   

n. 粘合，凝聚性

参考例句：

• The Bogor Goals concern APEC's credibility, cohesiveness and future development. 茂物目标事关亚太经合组织的信誉、凝聚力和未来发展。
• One of the most important properties of a work team is cohesiveness. 工作小组的最重要特征之一是凝聚力。

5 underlying   

adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的

参考例句：

• The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
• This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

6 reindeer   

n.驯鹿

参考例句：

• The herd of reindeer was being trailed by a pack of wolves.那群驯鹿被一只狼群寻踪追赶上来。
• The life of the Reindeer men was a frontier life.驯鹿时代人的生活是一种边区生活。

7 functional   

adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的

参考例句：

• The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。
• The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。