考研英语长难句讲解第13期

 6. They would try to decide what intelligence in huamns is really for, not merely how much of it there is.

【分析】复合句。本句的主干是 They would try to decide...。decide 后跟两个并列的宾语从句，分别由 what 和 how much 引导。

【译文】它们会试图判定人类智力的用途，而不仅仅是人类有多少智慧。

【临摹】燃放鞭炮不仅仅被看作讨厌的事，而且还被认为是对人的生命财产的严重威胁。

2008

1. The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses¹ that dare not speak its name.

【分析】复合句。主句主干为 The idea is one of those hypotheses。 第一个 that 引导同位语从句补充说明 idea，第二个 that 引导定语从句修饰 hypotheses。

【译文】有一种观点认为，某些民族的智商可能要高于其他民族，这种观点是一种不敢冠之以名的假设。

【点拨】dare not speak its name 为一个固定结构，意为“不敢说出名”、“不敢冠之以名”、“无法说出口”。

【临摹】有些医生称这种病是一种“不敢说出其疾病名称的诊断。”语法拓展

定语从句对所修饰的名词加以修饰限定，说明其为此人（物）而非彼人（物），它的引导词包括 that, which, who, whom, whose, why, where 等。同位语从句则大多由连接词 that 引导，常跟在表示事实的抽象名词后面，如 fact，news, information, order, belief, reply, answer,saying 等，用来解释说明这些词的具体含义与内容。具体区分如下；

1）同位语从句在引导词前加 is 后，句子成立，定语从句则不成立，如：The news that the leader will come here is not true.—The news is that the leader will come here.（句子成立，所以是同位语从句）; The news that you told me last week is not true.— The news is that you told me last week.（句子不能成立，所以是定语从句）。

2）that 在定语从句中必须担当成分，而在同位语从句中不担当成分。

3）that 引导同位语从句时，不能用 which 替换；而 that 引导定语从句时常可以用 which 替换。

4）引导同位语从句的关联词除 that 之外，还可以根据句义使用其他疑问代词（which 除外）或疑问副词；而定语从句不可用 what, how,whether 等引导。

临摹答案

6. Setting off firecrackers is seen as a big threat to man's life and property, not merely as a nuisanse.

2008

1. Some doctors called the disease"the diagnosis² that dare not speak its name."

1 hypotheses   

（有少量事实依据但未被证实的）假说( hypothesis的名词复数 )； 假设； （凭空的）猜想； 猜测

参考例句：

• The hypotheses of fibre flaws are based on deduction from mechanical experiments. 纤维缺陷的理论是根据机械测试推导出来的。
• I have in mind the existence of sociological laws or hypotheses. 我想，社会科学规律或假说是存在的。

2 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。