考研英语长难句讲解 第234期

 　　13. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively¹ recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities² such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous³ statements about the value of animal research, but all who recent medical treatment.

　　【分析】复合句。句子主干是the health research community should recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities…but all…。because引导原因状语从句。 主句中的谓语recruit有两个并列宾语not only well-known personalities …和 but all who receive medical treatment；前一个宾语中包含二个who引导的非限制性定语从句修饰限制Stephen Cooper，后一个宾语中 who引导定语从句修饰all。

　　【译文】最后，由于最终的利益相关者还是那些病人，所以，医学研究界不光要请曾大胆陈述了动物研究价值的名人斯蒂芬·库珀，同时，还要请所有接受过医疗的人参与这项事业。

　　【点拨】1)recruit在句中用作动词，意思是“招募，吸收”，作名词时含义是“新兵，新成员”。2)personality有“人格，个性；人物，名人”的含义，这里取“人物，名人”之意。

　　14. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly⁴ and the railroad therefore have them by the throat.

　　【分析】复合句。句子的主干是many shippers complain that…。其中that引导宾语从句；该宾语从句中包含两个由and连接的并列分句。第一个分句中，介词短语被提至该分句句首，起强调作用，还原后句子语序为trucking is too costly for heavy bulk commodities…and grain。

　　【译文】但许多发货商则抱怨说，像煤炭、化肥和粮食这样的大宗货物通过公路长途运输成本太高，因而他们会受控于铁路部门。

　　【点拨】1)shipper指“托运人，发货人”，不可望文生义译成“船员”。2)bulk在此处用作形容词，含义是“大量的，大批的”，另外还有“散装的”意思。3)travel在本句中作及物动词，意为“经过(距离）”。4)have sb. by the throat意思是“扼住某人的喉咙，控制住某人要害，主宰某人”，have也可换作take或seize。

1 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

2 personalities   

n. 诽谤，（对某人容貌、性格等所进行的）人身攻击； 人身攻击；人格, 个性, 名人( personality的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There seemed to be a degree of personalities in her remarks.她话里有些人身攻击的成分。
• Personalities are not in good taste in general conversation.在一般的谈话中诽谤他人是不高尚的。

3 courageous   

adj.勇敢的，有胆量的

参考例句：

• We all honour courageous people.我们都尊重勇敢的人。
• He was roused to action by courageous words.豪言壮语促使他奋起行动。

4 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。