Listen this way听力教程第二册-13

Unit 13   About yourself
 
Part Ⅰ Getting ready
Our body is made up of different parts, such as face, hands and feet. Body words have been widely used figuratively in some phrases. And these phrases often create very vivid images.

A  The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.
   1. grind to a halt: stop moving
   2. abdomen¹: the part of your body below your chest where your stomach and intestines² are
   3. coil up: wind into a continuous series of loops
   4. dehydrate³: remove all the water
   5. contaminated food: food becoming impure⁴, unhealthy, or harmful
   6. bacteria: very small organisms which can cause disease (MM )
   7. gobble up: eat up quickly and greedily
   8. reserve: a supply of something that is available for use when it is needed
   9. lash⁵: hit violently

B  You are going to hear several short dialogues. Pay attention to the numbers and body words in the phrases. Then guess the meaning of the phrases with body words.
   1. A: Do you know how many ________ you've got?
      B: How many teeth? Ooh, ooh. ________? More? (A: Yes) _______?
      A: Yes.

   2. A: Do you know how many _________ there are in your body?
      B: How many bones? I'll take a guess.________.
      A: _________.

   3. A: How often does your ________ beat?
      B: _______ times a minute.
      A: No, ________ times a minute.

   4. Bob:   Do you know what the boss thinks you should do, Billy?
      Billy: Just you keep your great _______ out of this, Bob, will you?
      (Meaning: __________________________)

   5. Anne:   Steven Kent, I never, never want to see you in my life again.
      Steven: Oh no.
      Mary:   You really have put your ________ in it, haven't you?
      (Meaning: _____________________________________________)

   6. Kate: Dave! Can you give me a ________, please?
      Dave: What?
      Kate: I said can you give me a _________.
      Dave: All right, I'm coming. No need to shout. (Meaning: ____________)

   7. Max:   Are there any jobs going in your company then, for an intelligent, hard-working young man like my son Julian?
      Frank: No, I haven't heard of any at all recently.
      Max:   Well, could you keep your _________ open, just in case?
      (Meaning: ____________)

   8. Carol: Have you heard about Maggie then?
      Norma: Maggie? Maggie Thatcher⁶?
      Carol: No. Maggie Brown. She's in love again.
      Norma: Oh not again. Who with this time?
      Carol: With her boss. _______ over heels in love with him, she is.
      (Meaning: ______________)

   9. Nick: Have you ever lent any money to Mick?
      Jill: Mick? Huh! I wouldn't lend him any if I were you.
      Nick: Why not? Doesn't he pay it back?
      Jill: No. Never. He's up to his ________ in debts.
      (Meaning: __________________)

  10. Liz: She's a very good doctor. Never looks at her watch. Never complains. Nothing's too much trouble for her.
      Pat:   I know, yeah. Not many like her about. She's all ______, really. All ________.
      (Meaning: ___________________________________ )

Part Ⅱ  The digestive system and diarrhea
The human body is a highly complex self-generator, that is to say, provided it is given the right fuel, it is capable of both curing and warding⁷ off disease. The food we eat helps to give us energy. It has a long journey to make before all its goodness has been taken into our body. The food takes up to six hours to be digested in the stomach, depending on the size of the meal. The complete digestive process takes about 24 hours. But sometimes the system can go wrong.

A  You are going to hear a talk on the digestive system and diarrhea. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column. After the second listening, match column A with column B with the help of the notes.
   Column A                         Column B
   1. gut⁸ symptoms                  __ absorbing digested rood into blood stream
                                    __ contaminated rood
   2. the digestive system          __ drinking enough
                                    __ a long tube coiling up in the abdomen
   3. causes of diarrhea            __ carrying away waste products
                                    __ constipation
   4. jobs of the digestive system  __ infection by viruses or parasites⁹
                                    __ breaking down food
   5. treatment for diarrhea        __ adding enzymes¹⁰
                                    __ diarrhea

B  Now try this: listen to a more authentic¹¹ version of the causes and treatment of diarrhea by a doctor. Complete the statements.

   Causes of diarrhea
   ● There are infections, and this is ______________,  which is caused by sort of bacteria or organism.
   ● Some foods ______ might irritate _________ and tend to give you diarrhea.
   ● Some people when they ________ and _____________ tend to get diarrhea.
   ● People who suffer from the irritable¹² bowel¹³ syndrome¹⁴ tend to get tummy pains and ________.

   Treatment of diarrhea
   ● Most attacks of diarrhea are not __________ and they ____________ by themselves within __________.
   ● The most important thing is to ________________.
   ● It is better not to __________ and not to worry about that.
   ● Ideally, the fluids you drink should contain a little bit of _________.
   ● You can get special rehydrating fluids, which are ____________.
   ● You can get your own fluids by adding just a teaspoonful¹⁵ of ____________.

Part Ⅲ   Immunity¹⁶
The environment contains many potentially destructive microorganisms. It is impossible for us to avoid contact with microbes. That's why our body is constantly under attack from invading germs and infections. Then why don't we suffer from constant illness? Do we have our own defense¹⁷ system?

A  The following words and phrases are used in a discussion on the immune system. Listen to the words and phrases first. Study the definitions carefully.
   1. germ: 微生物，细菌
   2. defense system: 防御系统
   3. cell: 细胞
   4. white blood cell: 白细胞，白血球
   5. molecule¹⁸: 分子
   6. bone marrow¹⁹: 骨髓
   7. antibody: 抗体
   8. measles²⁰: 麻疹
   9. polio: 小儿麻痹症
  10. tuberculosis²¹: 肺结核
  11. AIDS: 艾滋病

B  Now listen to the following discussion. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, answer the questions.
   Questions
   1. Since we have the immune system, why do we still need vaccinations²³?
      ____________________________________________________
      ____________________________________________________

   2. How does a vaccination²² work?
      ____________________________________________________
      ____________________________________________________

   3. Can we produce vaccines²⁴ for any disease? Give an example.
      ____________________________________________________
      ____________________________________________________

   4. Why is it so difficult to attack AIDS?
      ____________________________________________________
      ____________________________________________________
 
C  Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the discussion. Complete the diagram. Then put the number of each phrase below in the proper place.
   1. the virus that causes AIDS
   2. remembering the chemical makeup²⁵ of invading germs and attacking them very quickly
   3. fighting invading disease
   4. destroying the body's immune system
   5. protecting the body against specific infections
   6. putting the body at greater risk from other common infections
 
Part Ⅳ   More about the topic: The Circulatory System
To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into eight systems such as the muscles, the circulatory and respiratory systems and the digestive system.

The following short passage is about the circulatory system. Supply the missing words while listening.
  
   All ________ of our body must have nourishment²⁶ and oxygen in order to function and grow, and their ________ products must be removed before they accumulate and poison the __________. The circulatory system distributes ________ materials and removes unneeded ones. It is made up of the _________, blood vessels²⁷, and blood. The blood is also part of the body's ________ system. It has antibodies and white blood _________ that protect the body against foreign ________.
   The heart is a muscle that is divided into _________ nearly identical halves: one half receives blood from the _______ and sends it to the rest of the body, the other half sends _______ that has traveled through the body ______ to the lungs. When the heart muscle contracts, the blood is forced out into _______ and enters small capillaries²⁸. Blood returns to the heart through veins³⁰.
   Materials enter and leave the blood across the thin _________ of capillaries, which are located near every _________ of the body. In almost every case, blood leaving a group of capillaries travels to the _________ and then to the lungs for more _________ before it returns to the capillaries. The one exception is _________ that has traveled through capillaries in the ________ system. The vein²⁹ from this system, called the portal vein, carries blood directly to the __________, where nutrients³¹ are stored before the blood returns to the _________.

Part Ⅴ  Memory test: Hair
Nobody's really sure why people go bald, but some scientists believe that people may inherit baldness. If you are interested, check out your mother' father. Your hairline may look like his when you get older.

Now listen to this radio phone-in. Complete the following chart.
   Caller's name       _________________________________
   Problem               _________________________________
   Caller's doctor's opinion  _________________________________ 
   Solution               _________________________________
   Advice               _________________________________

Part Ⅵ  Reminder³² of key points in this unit
    Verb & Verb Phrase    Noun & Noun Phrase  Other
   Part Ⅰ take a guess            bone         head over heels
    keep one's nose out of         up to one's neck
    put one's foot in          all heart
    give sb. a hand   
    keep one's ears open   
   Part Ⅱ over-tax            digestive system    insufficiently
    grind to a halt    fuel         rusty
    coil up            mechanism        sluggish
    digest            abdomen        efficiently
    break down            digestion        watery
    squeeze            muscle        irritable
    dehydrate            gut         reasonable
    irritate            bowel        obviously
    clear up            intestine  
                     enzyme  
                     feces  
                     symptom  
                     diarrhea  
                     constipation  
                     contaminated food  
                     virus  
                     parasite  
                     dehydration  
                     fluid  
                     life saver  
                            bacteria
                                   syndrome
                                   tummy pains
                                   a pinch of  
   Part Ⅲ lash                    immunity             constant (ly)
           come into play          germ                 literally
           assist            reserve  
                     backup  
                     bone marrow
                                   antibody
                                   measles
                                   polio
                                   tuberculosis  
   Part Ⅳ accumulate              nourishment          identical
           distribute              capillary            directly
           contract            vein
                                   nutrient  
   Part Ⅴ comb hair            shampoo  bald
                     baldness             ridiculous
                                   patch
                                   wig  
                                
 

1 abdomen   

n.腹，下腹(胸部到腿部的部分)

参考例句：

• How to know to there is ascarid inside abdomen?怎样知道肚子里面有蛔虫？
• He was anxious about an off-and-on pain the abdomen.他因时隐时现的腹痛而焦虑。

2 intestines   

n.肠( intestine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Perhaps the most serious problems occur in the stomach and intestines. 最严重的问题或许出现在胃和肠里。 来自辞典例句
• The traps of carnivorous plants function a little like the stomachs and small intestines of animals. 食肉植物的捕蝇器起着动物的胃和小肠的作用。 来自辞典例句

3 dehydrate   

vt.使脱水

参考例句：

• People can very quickly dehydrate in the desert.人在沙漠里很快就会脱水。
• Without these structures, many warm-blooded animals would quickly dehydrate,especially in dry climates.没有这样的结构，许多温血动物将很快脱水，特别是在干燥的气候条件下。

4 impure   

adj.不纯净的，不洁的；不道德的，下流的

参考例句：

• The air of a big city is often impure.大城市的空气往往是污浊的。
• Impure drinking water is a cause of disease.不洁的饮用水是引发疾病的一个原因。

5 lash   

v.系牢；鞭打；猛烈抨击；n.鞭打；眼睫毛

参考例句：

• He received a lash of her hand on his cheek.他突然被她打了一记耳光。
• With a lash of its tail the tiger leaped at her.老虎把尾巴一甩朝她扑过来。

6 thatcher   

n.茅屋匠

参考例句：

• Tom Sawyer was in the skiff that bore Judge Thatcher. 汤姆 - 索亚和撒切尔法官同乘一条小艇。 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险
• Mrs. Thatcher was almost crazed; and Aunt Polly, also. 撒切尔夫人几乎神经失常，还有波莉姨妈也是。 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险

7 warding   

监护，守护（ward的现在分词形式）

参考例句：

• Magina channels a powerful warding magic damping the negative effects of spells. 敌法师用守护魔法来抵御负面法术的攻击。
• Indeed, warding off disruption is the principal property of complex systems. 的确，避免破损解体是复杂系统主要的属性。

8 gut   

n.[pl.]胆量；内脏；adj.本能的；vt.取出内脏

参考例句：

• It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
• My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。

9 parasites   

寄生物( parasite的名词复数 )； 靠他人为生的人； 诸虫

参考例句：

• These symptoms may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites. 这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的，而与寄生虫无关。
• Kangaroos harbor a vast range of parasites. 袋鼠身上有各种各样的寄生虫。

10 enzymes   

n. 酶，酵素

参考例句：

• It was said that washing powders containing enzymes remove stains more efficiently. 据说加酶洗衣粉除污更有效。
• Among the enzymes which are particularly effective are pepsin, papain. 在酶当中特别有效的是胃朊酶、木瓜酶。

11 authentic   

a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的

参考例句：

• This is an authentic news report. We can depend on it. 这是篇可靠的新闻报道, 我们相信它。
• Autumn is also the authentic season of renewal. 秋天才是真正的除旧布新的季节。

12 irritable   

adj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的

参考例句：

• He gets irritable when he's got toothache.他牙一疼就很容易发脾气。
• Our teacher is an irritable old lady.She gets angry easily.我们的老师是位脾气急躁的老太太。她很容易生气。

13 bowel   

n.肠(尤指人肠)；内部，深处

参考例句：

• Irritable bowel syndrome seems to affect more women than men.女性比男性更易患肠易激综合征。
• Have you had a bowel movement today?你今天有排便吗？

14 syndrome   

n.综合病症；并存特性

参考例句：

• The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
• Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。

15 teaspoonful   

n.一茶匙的量；一茶匙容量

参考例句：

• Add a teaspoonful of mixed herbs. 加入一茶匙混合药草。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Add a teaspoonful of curry powder. 加一茶匙咖喱粉。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

17 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

18 molecule   

n.分子，克分子

参考例句：

• A molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hygrogen and one atom of oxygen.一个水分子是由P妈̬f婘̬ 妈̬成的。
• This gives us the structural formula of the molecule.这种方式给出了分子的结构式。

19 marrow   

n.骨髓；精华；活力

参考例句：

• It was so cold that he felt frozen to the marrow. 天气太冷了，他感到寒冷刺骨。
• He was tired to the marrow of his bones.他真是累得筋疲力尽了。

20 measles   

n.麻疹，风疹，包虫病，痧子

参考例句：

• The doctor is quite definite about Tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
• The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。

21 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

22 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

23 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

24 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

25 makeup   

n.组织；性格；化装品

参考例句：

• Those who failed the exam take a makeup exam.这次考试不及格的人必须参加补考。
• Do you think her beauty could makeup for her stupidity?你认为她的美丽能弥补她的愚蠢吗？

26 nourishment   

n.食物，营养品；营养情况

参考例句：

• Lack of proper nourishment reduces their power to resist disease.营养不良降低了他们抵抗疾病的能力。
• He ventured that plants draw part of their nourishment from the air.他大胆提出植物从空气中吸收部分养分的观点。

27 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

28 capillaries   

毛细管，毛细血管( capillary的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The blood flows from the capillaries back into the veins. 血从毛细血管流回静脉。
• While Joe sleeps, a large percentage of his capillaries are inactive. 当乔睡觉时，他的毛细血管大部分是不工作的。

29 vein   

n.血管，静脉；叶脉，纹理；情绪；vt.使成脉络

参考例句：

• The girl is not in the vein for singing today.那女孩今天没有心情唱歌。
• The doctor injects glucose into the patient's vein.医生把葡萄糖注射入病人的静脉。

30 veins   

n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理

参考例句：

• The blood flows from the capillaries back into the veins. 血从毛细血管流回静脉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I felt a pleasant glow in all my veins from the wine. 喝过酒后我浑身的血都热烘烘的，感到很舒服。 来自《简明英汉词典》

31 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

32 reminder   

n.提醒物，纪念品；暗示，提示

参考例句：

• I have had another reminder from the library.我又收到图书馆的催还单。
• It always took a final reminder to get her to pay her share of the rent.总是得发给她一份最后催缴通知，她才付应该交的房租。