历届美国总统简介：安德鲁·杰克逊

 安德鲁·杰克逊（Andrew Jackson，1767年3月15日─1845年6月8日）是美国第7任总统（1828-1836年）。首任佛罗里达州州长、新奥尔良之役战争英雄、民主党创建者之一，杰克逊式民主因他而得名。在美国政治史上，1820年代与1830年代的第二党体系(Second Party System)以他为极端的象征。

Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States. He was born in a backwoods settlement in the Carolinas in 1767. His Irish-Scottish parents had immigrated¹ to the USA from Ireland two years earlier. He was the youngest of three brothers but his father died three weeks before Jackson was born. He grew up in a very remote area of the Virginian countryside.

 

At the age of 13 he joined the American Revolution as a courier. He was the last U.S. President to have fought in the Revolution. He was captured by the British and nearly starved to death. His mother died from Cholera² in 1781, leaving Andrew an orphan³ at the age of 14. He began to study law in his late teens and became an outstanding young lawyer in Tennessee.

 

Jackson prospered⁴ sufficiently⁵ to buy slaves and to build a mansion⁶ near Nashville. He was the first man elected from Tennessee to the House of Representatives, and he served briefly⁷ in the Senate. He was a major general in the War of 1812 and became a national hero when he defeated the British at New Orleans. This paved his way to political success and eventually the Presidency⁸ in 1829.

 

Jackson served two terms as President, from 1829 to 1837. He supported the idea of a small federal government with a powerful President. He was a leading advocate of removing Native Americans from the east of the country and his policy eradicated⁹ many tribes. He also supported slavery. In 1835, Jackson survived an assassination¹⁰ attempt. He died of tuberculosis¹¹ and heart failure in 1845, aged¹² 78.

 

1 immigrated   

v.移入( immigrate的过去式和过去分词 )；移民

参考例句：

• He immigrated from Ulster in 1848. 他1848年从阿尔斯特移民到这里。 来自辞典例句
• Many Pakistanis have immigrated to Britain. 许多巴基斯坦人移居到了英国。 来自辞典例句

2 cholera   

n.霍乱

参考例句：

• The cholera outbreak has been contained.霍乱的发生已被控制住了。
• Cholera spread like wildfire through the camps.霍乱在营地里迅速传播。

3 orphan   

n.孤儿；adj.无父母的

参考例句：

• He brought up the orphan and passed onto him his knowledge of medicine.他把一个孤儿养大，并且把自己的医术传给了他。
• The orphan had been reared in a convent by some good sisters.这个孤儿在一所修道院里被几个好心的修女带大。

4 prospered   

成功，兴旺( prosper的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The organization certainly prospered under his stewardship. 不可否认，这个组织在他的管理下兴旺了起来。
• Mr. Black prospered from his wise investments. 布莱克先生由于巧妙的投资赚了不少钱。

5 sufficiently   

adv.足够地，充分地

参考例句：

• It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
• The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。

6 mansion   

n.大厦，大楼；宅第

参考例句：

• The old mansion was built in 1850.这座古宅建于1850年。
• The mansion has extensive grounds.这大厦四周的庭园广阔。

7 briefly   

adv.简单地，简短地

参考例句：

• I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
• He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。

8 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

9 eradicated   

画着根的

参考例句：

• Polio has been virtually eradicated in Brazil. 在巴西脊髓灰质炎实际上已经根除。
• The disease has been eradicated from the world. 这种疾病已在全世界得到根除。

10 assassination   

n.暗杀；暗杀事件

参考例句：

• The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.总统遭暗杀使事态到了严重关头。
• Lincoln's assassination in 1865 shocked the whole nation.1865年，林肯遇刺事件震惊全美国。

11 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

12 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。