美国学生人类历史 第81期:罗马和迦太基(9)

 　　After seven months, hunger forced them to withdraw. The policy of Rome to treat the "foreigner"on equal terms had proved a great success and Rome stood stronger than ever before.

　　在苦苦支撑7个月后，饥饿和身陷异乡的恐慌感在高卢军队中蔓延开来，他们只得狼狈地撤退了。罗马人以平等之心接纳"外来者"的政策不仅在战时获得了巨大成功，也最终造就了它空前绝后的强盛。

　　This short account of the early history of Rome shows you the enormous difference between the Roman ideal of a healthy state, and that of the ancient world which was embodied¹ in the town of Carthage. The Romans counted upon the cheerful and hearty² co-operation between a number of"equal citizens." The Carthaginians, following the example of Egypt and western Asia, insisted upon the unreasoning (and therefore unwilling) obedience³ of "Subjects" and when these failed they hired professional soldiers to do their fighting for them.

　　从这段对罗马历史的简要描述可以看出，罗马人对于建立一个健全国家的理想与迦太基式的古代世界对于国家的理想，有着多么巨大的差别。罗马人依赖的是一大群"平等公民"之间的和谐而真诚的台作，共同捍卫自己的城市。而迦太基人则沿袭埃及和西亚的旧有模式，要求其属民无条件，因而也是不情愿的服从。当这种要求达不到时，他们便按典型的商人思维，花钱雇佣职业军人为他们作战。

　　You will now understand why Carthage was bound to fear such a clever and powerful enemy and why the plutocracy⁴ of Carthage was only too willing to pick a quarrel that they might destroy the dangerous rival before it was too late.

　　现在你们就能理解，为什么迦太基会惧怕这个聪明而强大的敌人，为什么他们情愿找一些微不足道的借口来挑起战火，伺机将个危险的对手扼杀于羽翼未丰之中！

　　But the Carthaginians, being good business men, knew that it never pays to rush matters. They proposed to the Romans that their respective cities draw two circles on the map and that each town claim one of these circles as her own "sphere of influence" and promise to keep out of the other fellow's circle. The agreement was promptly⁵ made and was broken just as promptly when both sides thought it wise to send their armies to Sicily where a rich soil and a bad government invited foreign interference.

　　可作为精明老练的商人，迦太基深知贸然行事往往会适得其反。他们向罗马人提出建议，由各自的城市分别在地图上画一个圆圈，作为自己的"势力范围"，并承诺互不侵犯对方的利益。协议迅速被达成，也同样迅速地被撕毁。土地富饶的西西里岛当时由一个腐败无能的政府统治，无疑正在"期待"着外来人侵者的干预，于是迦太基和罗马不约而同地把自己的军队派往了那里。

1 embodied   

v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 )；象征；包括；包含

参考例句：

• a politician who embodied the hopes of black youth 代表黑人青年希望的政治家
• The heroic deeds of him embodied the glorious tradition of the troops. 他的英雄事迹体现了军队的光荣传统。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 hearty   

adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的

参考例句：

• After work they made a hearty meal in the worker's canteen.工作完了，他们在工人食堂饱餐了一顿。
• We accorded him a hearty welcome.我们给他热忱的欢迎。

3 obedience   

n.服从，顺从

参考例句：

• Society has a right to expect obedience of the law.社会有权要求人人遵守法律。
• Soldiers act in obedience to the orders of their superior officers.士兵们遵照上级军官的命令行动。

4 plutocracy   

n.富豪统治

参考例句：

• Financial,not moral,considerations will prevail in a plutocracy.在富豪当政的国家里，人们见利忘义。
• The most prolific of the debunkers of the plutocracy was Gustavus Myers.揭发富豪统治集团的作家中，最多产的是古斯塔夫斯·迈尔斯。

5 promptly   

adv.及时地，敏捷地

参考例句：

• He paid the money back promptly.他立即还了钱。
• She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her.她立即抓住了因他不在场给她创造的机会。