美国学生人类历史 第82期:罗马和迦太基(10)

 　　The war which followed (the so-called first Punic War) lasted twentyfour years. It was fought out on the high seas and in the beginning it seemed that the experienced Carthaginian navy would defeat the newly created Roman fleet. Following their ancient tactics, the Carthaginian ships would either ram¹ the enemy vessels³ or by a bold attack from the side they would break their oars⁴ and would then kill the sailors of the helpless vessel² with their arrows and with fire balls. But Roman engineers invented a new craft which carried a boarding bridge across which the Roman infantrymen stormed the hostile ship. Then there was a sudden end to Carthaginian victories. At the battle of Mylae their fleet was badly defeated. Carthage was obliged to sue for peace, and Sicily became part of the Roman domains⁵.

　　随之而来的战争一共持续了24年，这就是历史上著名的第一次布匿战争。先是海上的短兵相接。初看起来，训练有素的迦太基海军将毫不费力地摧毁新建不久的罗马舰队。依照沿用已久的海战法，迦太基战船要么猛撞敌人的船只，要么从敌舰的侧面发动猛攻，折断对方的船浆，尔后用密如疾雨的弓箭和火球杀死对方那些惊慌失措、逃生无路的水手。不过，罗马的工程师发明了一种携带吊桥的战船，能够让精于肉搏的罗马士兵顺吊桥冲上对方的船只，迅速地杀死迦太基弓箭手。这样，迦太基海战胜利的好日子就突然到头了。在米拉战役中，罗马人重挫了迦太基舰队。迦太基人被迫求和，西西里就此归人了罗马帝国的版图。

　　Twenty-three years later new trouble arose. Rome (in quest of copper) had taken the island of Sardinia. Carthage (in quest of silver) thereupon occupied all of southern Spain. This made Carthage a direct neighbour of the Romans. The latter did not like this at all and they ordered their troops to cross the Pyrenees and watch the Carthaginian army of occupation.

　　23年后，两国又发生了新的争端。罗马为开发铜矿占据了撒丁岛，迦太基为寻找白银占领了整个西班牙南部。两大强权突然变成了邻居。罗马人可不喜欢与迦太基人为邻，他们派军队越过比利牛斯山，去监视迦太基军队的一举一动。

　　The stage was set for the second outbreak between the two rivals. Once more a Greek colony was the pretext⁶ for a war. The Carthaginians were besieging⁷ Saguntum on the east coast of Spain. The Saguntians appealed to Rome and Rome, as usual, was willing to help.

　　战争的舞台已经布置就绪，就差一个小火星来点燃两国之间的第二次战争了。一个孤悬海外的希腊殖民地再度成为战争的导火索。迦太基人围困了西班牙东海岸的萨贡特，于是萨贡特人向罗马求救。与往常一样，罗马人向来是乐于助人的。

1 ram   

(random access memory)随机存取存储器

参考例句：

• 512k RAM is recommended and 640k RAM is preferred.推荐配置为512K内存，640K内存则更佳。

2 vessel   

n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管

参考例句：

• The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
• You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。

3 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

4 oars   

n.桨，橹( oar的名词复数 )；划手v.划（行）( oar的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• He pulled as hard as he could on the oars. 他拼命地划桨。
• The sailors are bending to the oars. 水手们在拼命地划桨。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 domains   

n.范围( domain的名词复数 )；领域；版图；地产

参考例句：

• The theory of thermodynamics links the macroscopic and submicroscopic domains. 热力学把宏观世界同亚微观世界联系起来。 来自辞典例句
• All three flow domains are indicated by shading. 所有三个流动区域都是用阴影部分表示的。 来自辞典例句

6 pretext   

n.借口，托词

参考例句：

• He used his headache as a pretext for not going to school.他借口头疼而不去上学。
• He didn't attend that meeting under the pretext of sickness.他以生病为借口，没参加那个会议。

7 besieging   

包围，围困，围攻( besiege的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• They constituted a near-insuperable obstacle to the besieging infantry. 它们就会形成围城步兵几乎不可逾越的障碍。
• He concentrated the sun's rays on the Roman ships besieging the city and burned them. 他把集中的阳光照到攻城的罗马船上，把它们焚毁。