美国学生人类历史 第151期:教皇与皇帝之争(7)

 This led to more warfare¹. 这当然引发了更多的争端。

Conrad V, the son of Conrad IV, and the last of the Hohenstaufens, tried to regain² the kingdom, and was defeated and decapitated at Naples. 霍亨施陶芬家族的最后一位继承人，康拉德四世之子康拉德五世，试图夺回自己的意大利属地。但是他的军队被击败，他本人也被处死于那不勒斯。

But twenty years later, the French who had made themselves thoroughly³ unpopular in Sicily were all murdered during the socalled Sicilian Vespers, and so it went. 不过20年后，在所谓的西西里晚祷事件中，极不受欢迎的法国人被当地居民统统杀死。流血仍在继续。

The quarrel between the Popes and the Emperors was never settled, 教皇与皇帝的争斗无休无止，看来永远没法解决。

but after a while the two enemies learned to leave each other alone. 但过了一段时间，两个仇人慢慢学会了各管各的事情，不再轻易涉足对方的领域。

In the year 1273, Rudolph of Hapsburg was elected Emperor. 公元1273年，哈布斯堡的鲁道夫当选为德意志皇帝。

He did not take the trouble to go to Rome to be crowned. The Popes did not object and in turn they kept away from Germany. 他不愿千里迢迢赶去罗马接受加冕。教皇对此没有公开反对，但作为报复，教皇疏远了德意志。

This meant peace but two entire centuries which might have been used for the purpose of internal organisation⁴ had been wasted in useless warfare. 这意味着和平，可毕竟来得晚了些。两百年的争斗，使那些本可用于内部建设的宝贵精力，统统浪费在毫无意义的战争上了。

It is an ill wind however that bloweth no good to some one. 不过凡事有一弊，必有一利。

The little cities of Italy, by a process of careful balancing, had managed to increase their power and their independence at the expense of both Emperors and Popes. 意大利的诸多小城市在教皇与国王之间维持小心谨慎的平衡，悄悄地壮大实力，增强自己的独立地位。

When the rush for the Holy Land began, they were able to handle the transportation problem of the thousands of eager pilgrims who were clamoring for passage, 当朝拜圣地的伟大运动开始时，面对成千上万吵吵嚷嚷、急于涌向耶路撒冷的十字军战士，它们从容自如地解决了这些人的交通和饮食问题，从中赚取大量金钱。

and at the end of the Crusades they had built themselves such strong defences of brick and of gold that they could defy Pope and Emperor with equal indifference⁵. 待十字军运动结束，这些大发其财的城市已能用砖石和金子堆起坚固无比的防御，同时违抗教皇和国王，对他们表示淡然和蔑视了。

Church and State fought each other and a third party-the mediaeval city-ran away with the spoils. 教会和国家相互争斗，而第三方---中世纪的城市，攫取了胜利的果实。

1 warfare   

n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突

参考例句：

• He addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
• Their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。

2 regain   

vt.重新获得，收复，恢复

参考例句：

• He is making a bid to regain his World No.1 ranking.他正为重登世界排名第一位而努力。
• The government is desperate to regain credibility with the public.政府急于重新获取公众的信任。

3 thoroughly   

adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地

参考例句：

• The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。
• The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。

4 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

5 indifference   

n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎

参考例句：

• I was disappointed by his indifference more than somewhat.他的漠不关心使我很失望。
• He feigned indifference to criticism of his work.他假装毫不在意别人批评他的作品。