美国学生世界地理教材 第171期:伊甸园(3)

 Though Nineveh and Babylon are gone—their names are not even on the map—there are today two big cities on the Tigris that are very much alive, with people living in them. 尽管尼尼微和巴比伦已经不存在了——连它们的名字在地图上也找不到，但是现在，在底格里斯河河边，有两座生气勃勃的大城市，很多人居住在里面。

One of these cities is just across the river from where Nineveh used to be. 其中一个城市就与尼尼微曾经所在的地方隔河相望，

It is called Mosul. You know what muslin is, don't you? 叫做“摩苏尔”。你知道，细平布是什么，对吧？

Well, muslin was first made in Mosul, so this kind of cloth was called "Mosulin," which became muslin. 细平布最初就是在摩苏尔生产出来的，所以这种布起先以产地命名为“摩苏尔布”，后来叫做“细平布”。

Not many years ago people discovered oil in the country round Mosul, enough oil to run all the automobiles¹ in the World. 不久前，人们在摩苏尔附近发现了大量的石油，足以满足全世界汽车的需求。

The difficulty was to get the oil to the automobiles. 问题是如何将石油运走，提供给汽车。

Pipe lines were built from the oil wells to the Mediterranean² Sea miles away. 人们在油井和数英里之外的地中海之间铺设了输油管道。

The oil is pumped through the pipes and then is loaded on ships. 石油被泵抽出来，通过管道装到船上。

The ships are really floating tanks and so are called tankers³. 这些船实际上就是漂浮的油箱，所以它们被称作“油轮”。

The tankers carry the oil to America and to Europe. 油轮将石油运到美洲和欧洲。

Mosul is a Moslem⁴ town. On the great mosque⁵ there is a minaret⁶ that leans, something like the Leaning Tower of Pisa. 摩苏尔是一个穆斯林城市。在大清真寺上有一个倾斜的宣礼塔，有点像比萨斜塔。

People say that Mohammed was once passing this minaret and it bowed to him and was never able to get entirely⁷ straight again—it's still leaning. 据说，穆罕默德曾经经过这个宣礼塔，宣礼塔向他鞠了个躬，就再也挺不直了——它现在还是倾斜的。

Have you ever read the stories of Ali Baba and Sindbad the Sailor? 你读过《阿里巴巴》和《水手辛巴达》的故事吗？

Down the Tigris River below Mosul is another big city called Bagdad. 沿底格里斯河向下走，在摩苏尔下方还有另一个大城市，叫巴格达。

The people you see there on the streets look like the people you see in the pictures in the "Arabian Nights." 你在巴格达街道上遇见的人看起来就像《一千零一夜》书里图画中的人。

Bagdad in summer is one of the hottest places you can imagine. 夏日的巴格达是你能想象到的最热的地方，

It is sometimes 125°, and you know that 100° is about as hot as we can stand. 有时，气温高达华氏125度，你知道，华氏100度是我们能忍受的最高温度。

The streets used to be like narrow alleys⁸, dirty and smelly. 过去巴格达的街道像狭窄的小巷，又脏又臭；

But after World War I, England ruled over Iraq and Bagdad and the English made great changes. 但是第一次世界大战之后，英国统治了伊拉克和巴格达。英国人让这里产生了很大的变化，

They built a wide street right through the city and called it New Street. 他们修建了一条宽阔的大街，称为“新街”，

They put in electric lights and ice factories which Bagdad had never had before. 它正好穿过这个城市，还引进了巴格达人未见过的电灯和制冰厂。

Then they had the people vote for a king, and Iraq has been a kingdom ever since. 然后，英国人让巴格达人投票选举了一位国王，从此之后，伊拉克就是一个王国了。

It is still under the protection of England, however, and a few Englishmen stay there to help train the army of Iraq. 不过，伊拉克现在还受英国保护，有些英国人待在那儿帮助训练伊拉克军队。

1 automobiles   

n.汽车( automobile的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• When automobiles become popular,the use of the horse and buggy passed away. 汽车普及后，就不再使用马和马车了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Automobiles speed in an endless stream along the boulevard. 宽阔的林荫道上，汽车川流不息。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

3 tankers   

运送大量液体或气体的轮船[卡车]( tanker的名词复数 )； 油轮； 罐车； 油槽车

参考例句：

• They should stop offloading waste from oil tankers into the sea. 他们应当停止从油轮上往海里倾倒废弃物。
• The harbour admits large tankers and freighters. 这个港口容得下巨型油船和货轮。

4 Moslem   

n.回教徒，穆罕默德信徒；adj.回教徒的，回教的

参考例句：

• Moslem women used to veil their faces before going into public.信回教的妇女出门之前往往用面纱把脸遮起来。
• If possible every Moslem must make the pilgrimage to Mecca once in his life.如有可能，每个回教徒一生中必须去麦加朝觐一次。

5 mosque   

n.清真寺

参考例句：

• The mosque is a activity site and culture center of Muslim religion.清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。
• Some years ago the clock in the tower of the mosque got out of order.几年前，清真寺钟楼里的大钟失灵了。

6 minaret   

n.（回教寺院的）尖塔

参考例句：

• The minaret is 65 meters high,the second highest in the world.光塔高65米，高度位居世界第二。
• It stands on a high marble plinth with a minaret at each corner.整个建筑建立在一个高大的大理石底座上，每个角上都有一个尖塔。

7 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

8 alleys   

胡同，小巷( alley的名词复数 )； 小径

参考例句：

• I followed him through a maze of narrow alleys. 我紧随他穿过一条条迂迴曲折的窄巷。
• The children lead me through the maze of alleys to the edge of the city. 孩子们领我穿过迷宫一般的街巷，来到城边。