新概念英语第二册 lesson 4 An exciting trip

Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行

课文内容：

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding² this trip very exciting.

 

Notes on the text 课文注释

1 He has been there for six months. 他在那儿已经住了6个月了。关于动词的现在完成时，可以参看第1册第83至87课。

2 a great number of…, 许多…，用于修饰复数可数名词。

3 in the centre of…, 在……中部。

参考译文

我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信，他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了6个月了。蒂姆是个工程师，正在为一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久还将到达尔文去，从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。

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　　自学导读
1．He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. （他）正在为一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。
（1） work for指“在……上班／任职”：
表达“上班”这个意思时还可以说work at：
She works³ at a department store.
她在一家百货商店上班。
（2）a number of只能接可数名词的复数形式。通常，number前有great, large, good, small, certain等形容词，数量大小也随之改变：
A large/ great number of our students are Danish.
我们的学生中有许多是丹麦人。
There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.
你的家庭作业里有少数几个拼写错误。
2．He will soon visit Darwin. 他不久还将到达尔文去。
will 表示将来要发生的事。这句话的时态是一般将来时。（cf. 第12课语法）下一句话From there, he will fly to Perth也是一般将来时。
3．My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。
（1）这句话由两个简单句组成，后一句由连词so引导，为表示结果的状语从句。
（2）find作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语（一般为形容词），说明宾语的状况、性质等：
I find the film very interesting.
我觉得这电影很有趣。
She found Ton's room very dirty.
她发现汤姆的房间非常脏。
She has already found herself wrong.
她已经发现自己错了。
需要注意的是，find一词很少用于进行时态，一般用于过去时、完成时及一般现在时等。

　　语法 Grammar in use
1．现在完成时与现在进行时
现在完成时的时间概念有时是不确定的。（cf. 第1册第83～88课）我们所关心的是现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。现在完成时不能和明确表示过去的副词（如ago, yesterday等）连用。经常和现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语有：before（now）（〈在此〉以前）；so far（到目前为止）；up to now （直到现在）；just（刚刚）；already（已经）；lately（最近）；now（现在）；疑问句和否定句中常用ever, yet, never, not… ever等。现在进行时经常用于表示在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况，因此往往不需要和时间状语连用。试比较：
2．同位语 (Appositives)
一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。课文中有两句话含有同位语：
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信。（Tim是my brother的同位语。它们指的是同一个人。Tim用来补充说明my brother的名字）
He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.
他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。（在这句话中 a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位语，补充说明这是个多大的镇子，在什么地方）
在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。请参阅课文中两个句子的译文。同位语如果太长，可以另译为一句。如课文中第二个例句的后半部分可以译为：“现在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。这是澳大利亚中部的一个小镇。”
同位语的其他例子如：
This is John, one of my best friends.
这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。
Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad.
我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．receive vt.
（1）接到，收到，得到：
When did you receive that letter?
你什么时候收到那封信的？
Susan received a gift/card this morning.
今天上午苏珊收到了一份礼物／一张卡。
receive是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与不接受并不清楚。take则是主动地“拿”、“取”：
He told me to take the keys from his pocket.
他让我从他口袋里把钥匙拿出来。
I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.
我叔叔给了我一枝漂亮的钢笔。昨天我弟弟把笔拿走了。
（2）招待，接待：
You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.
如果你要接待这么多客人，你就需要一个大房间。
We usually receive guests on Saturday.
我们通常星期六招待宾客。
2．different adj. (名词为difference)
（1）不同的，相异的（经常与from连用）：
Desks are different from tables.
书桌与桌子不一样。
My room is different form yours.
我的房间与你的不同。
We are planning something different this year.
我们今年有不同的打算。
（2）各种各样的，不同的：
He has visited many different places in China.
他去过中国的不少地方。
This department store sells a large number of different things.
这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。

 

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A 1 I have just had breakfast.
2 He has been in prison for six months.
3 The police have not caught the thief yet.
4 You have (already) asked that question three times (already).
5 Have you ever been to Switzerland?
6 I have never been to Switzerland.
7 He is a wonderful runner. He has broken two records so far .
8 I haven't seen George lately .
C 1 He has just left the house .
2 He has just had breakfast .
3 She has just written a letter .
4 My sister has just turned on the radio .
5 My mother has just made the bed .
6 She has just bought a new hat.
D 1 He hasn't washed the dishes yet .
2 She hasn't made the beds yet .
3 He hasn't combed his hair yet .
4 She hasn't swept the carpet yet .
5 We haven't read ‘ Macbeth’yet .
E 1 Have you seen the new play at ‘The Globe’yet ?
2 Have you taken your holidays yet ?
3 Have you read this book yet ?
4 Have you done your homework yet ?
5 Have you finished your work yet ?
2 ．难点练习答案
1 received 2 received 3 took 4 taken 5 take
3．
多项选择题答案
1d  2b  3a  4b  5b  6a
7c  8b  9c  10a  11c  12c

 

      课堂笔记

　　【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】　生词和短语
★exciting　adj. 令人兴奋的
excite⁴:激动
excited:
-ed: 自己感到
-ing:令人感到
exciting boy
interesting man
The man is interesting.
The news exciting,I am excited
其宾语一定是人
The news excited me.
让后面的人感到．．．
interesting:令人感到有趣的
interested: 感到有意思的
The book interests me.
★receive　v. 接受，收到
accept：同意接收
receive:客观的收到
This morning I received a bunch⁵ of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept
it.
take　take the exam：接收考试；　take advice接收建议
receive/have
receive/have a letter from somebody.
★firm　n. 商行，公司
company
★different　adj. 不同的
★centre　n. 中心
★abroad　adv. 在国外
副词，直接和动词连用
go aroad
live abroad
study abroad

　　读音语调要顿拙一些
received a letter from　　 just和完成时连用
months　 one month　 two months
I'have arrived in Beijing.　has been
He has been in Beijing for one year.
has been + in 地点
He has been in America for tow¹ years.
连读
work for　 work in 强调地点　　work for强调work
I am working for a school.
I am working in the New Oriental⁶ school.
a great number of :a lot of
a great number of 后面一定要加可数名词复数
a lot of 可加可数名词也可加不可数名词
i have a lot of friends
I have a great number of friends.
has gone to :去了某地没回来
has been to :曾经去过某地，现在不在那个地方
Have you been to Paris?
soon:很快（时间）
from there:从那地方起
from 即可以加时间又可以加地点
from half past 8 to half past 11
from Beijing to Tianjing
fly to Perth: go to Perth by air
before——副词，在此之前　　　现在完成时态的标志
find trip exciting
find +宾语+形容词做宾补　　　find the room clean
find her happy
is finding　 I'm finding...

〖语法精粹〗
下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时
believe;doubt see hear know understand belong think
consider feel look seem show mind have sound taste
require possess⁷ care like hate love detest⁸ desire
arrive不能和断时间连用
用进行时态表示将来时态的：go come leave arrive
第3课关键句型：一般过去式　　　第4课关键句型：现在完成式
第5课：一般过去式和现在完成式的相同点，不同点，用的时候要注意什么
下面几个词一出现就标志着完成式：just before already
receive take
他到某地有多久了。
He has been.
I have been here for three years.
find:发现，找到
find the book dirty
find+n.+a.
Multiple choice questions】
(3).....
at...表示位置　　　be at...(典型表示位置的介词短语）
go to...只要有to这个感念，它的后面一定要有宾语，go to the theater
go in...(in 做副词）很小加宾语　　　He went in.
go into...有去向的动作，还有进入的动作　　go into the room
move:搬家
move in:搬进来
move to the new house:正在搬
move into :搬进去了
(4).....
how long...对段时间提问，跟现在完成时相连
have+动词的过去分词

1 tow   

n.拖，拉，牵引

参考例句：

• The broken-down car was taken in tow by a lorry.那辆坏了的车由一辆货车拖着。
• Mrs Hayes went to the supermarket with her four little children in tow.海斯太太带着她的4个小孩到超市去了。

2 finding   

n.发现，发现物；调查的结果

参考例句：

• The finding makes some sense.该发现具有一定的意义。
• That's an encouraging finding.这是一个鼓舞人心的发现。

3 works   

n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件

参考例句：

• We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
• The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。

4 excite   

v.刺激，使...兴奋，激励

参考例句：

• The boy gets excite at once.这个男孩立刻变得很激动。
• Try not to excite your baby too much before bedtime.睡觉前尽量别使宝宝太兴奋。

5 bunch   

n.串，束；群，帮

参考例句：

• A bunch of girls was[were] sitting on the grass.一群女孩坐在草地上。
• I received a bunch of flowers yesterday.昨天我收到了一束鲜花。

6 oriental   

adj.东方的，东方人的，东方文化的

参考例句：

• China is an oriental country with a long history.中国是一个有着悠久历史的东方国家。
• They maintain a very powerful fleet in Oriental waters.他们在远东海域保持着一支非常强大的舰队。

7 possess   

vt.持有，占有，使拥有，克制，支配，迷住

参考例句：

• To possess wealth is not always to be happy.拥有财富未必一定幸福。
• Some animals possess the characteristic of man.有些动物具有人类的特征。

8 detest   

vt.痛恨，憎恶

参考例句：

• I detest people who tell lies.我恨说谎的人。
• The workers detest his overbearing manner.工人们很讨厌他那盛气凌人的态度。