新概念英语第二册 lesson 3 Please send me a card

Lesson 3 Please send me a card

课文内容：

Postcards always spoil¹ my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!

Notes on the text 课文注释

1 a few words，几句话。

2 lent me a book中，lent是“借出”的意思。我们常说lend sb．sth．或lend sth．to sb．。borrow是“借入”的意思，常用的结构是borrow sth．或borrow sth．from sb。

参考译文

明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成！
 

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　　自学导读
1．A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语。
（1）虽然friendly是以-ly结尾，在拼法上与许多副词一样，但它却是形容词：
He always greets me in a friendly way.
他总是亲切地和我打招呼。
She gave me a friendly greeting.
她友好地和我打了一下招呼。
He is not very friendly to John.
他对约翰不太友善。
类似的形容词有： brotherly, fatherly, manly², lovely, motherly 等。
（2）a few可与复数可数名词连用，表示肯定，含有some, a small number of（一些，少数几个）的意思：
The police would like to ask him a few questions.
警察要问他一些问题。
Mother is coming in a few days.
妈妈过几天就要来了。
2．Then he lent me a book. 之后还借给我一本书。
像send, buy, give等动词一样，lend可以有两个宾语：一个直接宾语（通常指物），一个间接宾语（通常指人）。（cf. 本课语法）在这句话中，lend的直接宾语为a book，间接宾语为me。
Would you lend me your pen?
能把你的笔借我用一下吗？
Yesterday I lent my dictionary to Mary.
昨天我把字典借给了玛丽。
3．…but I did not understand a word.……但一个字也不懂。not…a的否定意义比单用not要强。课文的最后一句加了single”，语气更强。
4．Every day I thought about postcards. 我每天都想着明信片的事。
think about可以指某一段时间一直在想／考虑某事：
I often think about the lovely holiday we had last year.
我经常回想我们去年度过的愉快的假期。
What are you thinking about?
你在想什么？
I'm thinking about my friends.
我在想我的朋友们。
5．make a big decision, 作出一项重大决定。
make/take a decision, 作出决定。这是个常用的词语搭配，可以灵活使用：
It was not easy for me to make/ take this decision.
对我来说作出这项决定并不容易。
You have made/taken a wrong decision.
你作出了个错误的决定。
Have you made/taken a decision?
你决定了吗？
6．I spent the whole day in my room…我在房间里关了整整一天……
（1）spend与表示时间的词／短语连用时，意思为“花（时间）”、“度过”：
We're going to spend three days in the country.
我们打算到乡下去3天。
spend还可以表示“花钱”：
If we spend all the money, we'll be poor again.
如果我们把所有的钱都花光了，我们又会变穷的。
I can't spend any more on this car.
我不能再为这车花钱了。
（2）whole表示“整整的”、“整个的”：
a whole year一整年
a whole bottle of milk一整瓶牛奶
two whole weeks整整两星期

语法 Grammar in use
1．一般过去时 (The simple past tense) 与一般现在时
上一课的语法提到一般现在时可以表示习惯性或经常性的动作。在用一般现在时询问有关习惯的问题时可用ever。
一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不指动作持续多久。因此，过去时与表明事情何时发生的状语连用是非常重要的。
像last summer, last winter, last week, last night等这类状语只能与过去时连用，不能与现在时连用，因为它们确指过去的时间。
2．直接宾语 (Direct object) 与间接宾语 ( Indiret object)
许多及物动词后可以有两个宾语，直接宾语通常是动作所涉及的事物，间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，通常是人。这类动词有give, show, send, bring, lend, tell, return, write, pay, teach, make, buy, find等。通常间接宾语在前，紧跟动词；不过，如想要强调直接宾语，也可将它置于动词之后、间接宾语之前。这时，间接宾语之前则必须用介词to或for：

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．spoil vt.
（1）弄坏，损坏，糟蹋：
The sad news spoiled our weekend.
这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。
The rain spoiled the school sports.
这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。
（2）宠坏，惯坏，溺爱：
Julie loves her son too much. She has spoiled him.
朱莉太爱她的儿子了。她把他惯坏了。
Don't spoil your children.
不能太惯孩子。
2．public
（1）adj. 公共的，公众的，社会的：
There is a public library in this town.
这镇上有一个公共图书馆。
I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.
星期天我经常去公园坐坐。
（2）adj. 公开的，众人皆知的：
Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later.
他们的秘密会晤20年以后才被公开。
（3）n.公众，群众，大众：
The public is/ are pleased with his explanation.
公众对他的解释很满意。
The museum is open to the public on Sunday.
这家博物馆星期天对公众开放。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A went (1.1)；visited (1.2) ；sat(1.2) ；taught(1.2)；lent；read(1.3) ；did not understand；thought (1.4)；passed (1.5) ；did not send(1.5) ；made； go up (1.6) ；bought (1.7) ；spent(1.7) ；did not write(1.8)C …Roy died last year…left me…spent a lot of money…bought one or two…never went to the cinema…stayed at home…listened to music…often lent CDs…they kept them…lost many CDs…
2．难点练习答案
1 He paid some money to the shopkeeper.
2 He handed the prize to me.
3 The waiter brought the man a bottle of beer.
4 He sold me all his books.
5 The shop assistant found me some curtain material.
6 He did a big favour for me.
7 She showed her new hat to her husband.
8 She promised the finder a reward⁴.
9 He gave some advice to his son.
10 His uncle left some money to/ for him.
11 He is teaching⁵ us English.
12 I bought you this bunch⁶ of flowers.
13 Bring me that book please.
14 He offered a cigarette to me.
15 Read the first paragraph⁷ to me.
16 I've ordered you some soup.
17 I owe³ a lot of money to him.
18 Pass your father the mustard⁸.
3．多项选择题答案
1c  2a  3c  4a  5d  6b
7c  8c  9b  10a  11b  12b

　　课堂笔记
NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】
★send　v. 寄，送
send sth.to sb./send sb.sth
give sb.sth./give sth.to sb.
send/take children to school
take: 某人亲自送
send: 通过第三人去送
★postcard　n. 明信片
send him a card
namecard/visiting card : 名片
Here is my namecard.
ID card:身份证
credit⁹ card:信用卡
cash card
★spoil(spoiled or spoilt) v. 使索然无味，损坏
break: 打破
spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好；生活中不顺心的事;宠坏，溺爱
His parents spoiled the boy. 宠坏
This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me.
His arrival¹⁰ spoiled my hoilday.
damage:　破坏，程度不一定很重
destroy：破坏，彻底摧毁
★museum　n. 博物馆
Palace Museum:故宫
★public　adj. 公共的
private
public shool/place/house(pub:酒吧)
in private: 私下里的
in public:　公开的
Why not have a conversation in public?
★friendly　adj. 友好的
lovely adj.
★waiter　n. 服务员，招待员
waiter
waitress
chief waiter
shop assistant
attendant¹¹
★lend　v. 借给
borrow from
lend sth.to sb
lend sb.sth.
★decision　n. 决定
v. decide
make a big/great dicision
★whole　adj. 整个的
all the...
the whole...
★single　adj. 唯一的，单一的
double

　　【课文讲解】
The baby spoilded my night.
Italian/Italy
and 先后往往是对等的概念
teach sb.sth.
a little Italian
I can speak a little English/a few words of English
think about: 考虑，思考
think over : 仔细考虑
last:表示＂上一个＂或＂最后一个＂，表示＂最后一个＂时要加冠词the
I spend the whole day in my room.
spend+时间+地点
I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.
review
spoil
send/lend/teach sb.sth.
send/lend/teach sth. to sb
Special Difficulties】
双宾语：直接宾语（表示动作结果）和间接宾语（动作目标）
give sb.sth.
sb:　间接宾语
sth: 直接宾语
间接宾语在后面时，其前必须加to(对……而言）或for（为……而做）
give a book to me.　I buy a book for you
take flowers to my wife.
order soup for you.
可以翻译为＂给＂、＂替＂、＂为＂的，就用for; 如果只能翻译为＂给＂的，
就用to
与for相连的　buy,order,make,find
find sth.for sb.
do sb.a favor¹² 帮某人一个忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me.
Exercise
1.He paid some money to the shop-keeper.
3.The writer brought the man a bottle of beer.
What do you think of?
What do you think of the weather today?
cold,chilly,freeze, I'll freeze.
What do you think of TV program last night?
send somebody something
send something to somebody
give, take, pass, read, sell, buy
find something for somebody
make buy　　Do a favor for me.
Can I order something for you?
Multiple choice questions】
４．找特殊疑问词的时候一定要根据答案来决定
who whom
人做主语提问——who　　对宾语提问——whom
如果对主语提问，则句子的的语序和陈述句语序一样
如果对非主语来提问，则句子要使用特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句的语序
A 正确
Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
5. He spoke¹³ to the writer like a friend.
in...way :以...方式
D正确
friendly单独用，形容词，一般做定语来用
作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好，用短语in a friendly way
7.whole　all the day;　all of us
C正确
all of 后面如果加代词，代词前面不需要修修饰词
一旦要加名词，前面一定要加the
all of the friends　　all of the students
10.the last day, final——形容词　end——名词／动词
bottom——名词　　　　　形容词修饰　day
latest:最新的　　　latest news　　latest style
11.think about:考虑、思考、想
make up one's mind:下定决心
change one's mind:改变主意
make a wish　:　愿望
B正确
KEY STRUCTURES】
dies　有具体的过去时间一定是具体的过去式
一般现在时
bought kept

1 spoil   

n.战利品，赃物，奖品，掠夺，次品；vt.损坏，破坏，溺爱；vi.腐坏，掠夺

参考例句：

• Don't bunch the flowers up so tightly,you'll spoil them.别把花束得这么紧，会弄坏的。
• Overacting will only spoil the effect.表演过火，效果反而不好。

2 manly   

adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地

参考例句：

• The boy walked with a confident manly stride.这男孩以自信的男人步伐行走。
• He set himself manly tasks and expected others to follow his example.他给自己定下了男子汉的任务，并希望别人效之。

3 owe   

vt./vi.欠（债等）；感激；把……归功于某人

参考例句：

• We still owe one hundred dollars for the car.为这部车我们还欠着100美元。
• We owe it to society to make our country a better place.把国家建设得更美好是我们对社会应尽的责任。

4 reward   

n.报酬，酬谢，赏金；vt.奖赏，酬谢，报应

参考例句：

• He will expect some reward after working so hard.他工作很努力，会得到报偿的。
• I didn't do it for reward;I did it for love.我做这件事不是为了报酬，而是出于爱好。

5 teaching   

n.教学，执教，任教，讲授；(复数)教诲

参考例句：

• We all agree in adopting the new teaching method. 我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。
• He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。

6 bunch   

n.串，束；群，帮

参考例句：

• A bunch of girls was[were] sitting on the grass.一群女孩坐在草地上。
• I received a bunch of flowers yesterday.昨天我收到了一束鲜花。

7 paragraph   

n.段落，短评；vt.将…分段，分段落；vi.写短评

参考例句：

• Each paragraph begins on a new line.每段都另起一行。
• There's a paragraph on the matter in the paper.报纸对这件事有一短篇报道。

8 mustard   

n.芥子，芥末，深黄色，强烈的兴趣，热情的人

参考例句：

• This meat should be seasoned with salt and mustard.这肉里应该加点盐和芥末调味。
• This mustard is hot enough to bite your tongue.这种芥末很辣，你的舌头会吃不消的。

9 credit   

n.信用，荣誉，贷款，学分；v.归功于，赞颂，信任

参考例句：

• I credit him with a certain amount of sense.我认为他有一定的见识。
• He got the credit,and we did the dirty work.他得荣誉，我们做不讨好的工作。

10 arrival   

n.到达，达到，到达者

参考例句：

• She's impatient for her father's arrival.她急切地盼望着父亲的到来。
• The new arrival was none other than the President.刚到的不是别人，正是总统。

11 attendant   

n.随从，跟班，出席者，服务员；adj.伴随的，出席的，注意的，在场的

参考例句：

• She was interrupted by the entrance of an attendant.服务员进来，打断了她的话。
• We met the officer attendant on the general.我们见到了随从将军的副官。

12 favor   

n.好感；赞同；好事；vt.赞同，喜爱；有利于

参考例句：

• She is out of favor with her employer.她失去了雇主的欢心。
• The new teacher finds favor in the eyes of the parents.那位新老师很受家长的欢迎。

13 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。