-
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚
课文内容：
The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel1 of diamonds from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield2. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs3 House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious4 parcel was full of stones and sand!
Notes on the text 课文注释
1 detectives were waiting at the airport all morning,
侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。句中的动词时态是过去进行时。过去进行时常用来表示过去某时正在进行的情况或动作。本课课文中有4个句子使用了过去进行时。参看第1册第117-119等课中的例句。
2 keep guard, 守卫。
3 to their surprise,
使他们吃惊的是。
参考译文
飞机误点了，侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。他们正期待从南非来的一个装着钻石的贵重包裹。数小时以前，有人向警方报告，说有人企图偷走这些钻石。当飞机到达时，一些侦探等候在主楼内，另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。有两个人把包裹拿下飞机，进了海关。这时两个侦探把住门口，另外两个侦探打开了包裹。令他们吃惊的是，那珍贵的包裹里面装的全是石头和沙子！
自学导读
1．…detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. ……侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。
all 一般直接加表示时间的单数名词构成副同短语，如：all day （整整一天），all night（整夜），all week（整星期），all winter（整个冬天），all year（整年）等。但不说all hour。
whole在表达同样的意思时一般要加冠词或数词，如：a whole day/ year（一整天／年），two whole weeks（整整两星期）。
2．…someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. ……有人向警方报告，说有人企图偷走这些钻石。
that后面的部分为动词tell的宾语从句。从句中的时态为过去将来时（would）。
3．When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.
当飞机到达时，一些侦探等候在主楼内，另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。
（1）这个长句子由3个部分组成：when引导的是整个句子的时间状语从句；some of…building为主句；while 引导的是动作与主句的动作同时进行的时间状语从句。while作为连词表示“和……同时”、“当……时候”时常常引导一个过去进行时从句。（cf. 本课语法）
（2）地点状语 on the airfield 与第一句中的 at the airport 意义相近。注意介词on和at的不同搭配。
（3）代词others常常和some连用，表示“有些（人）……，也有些（人）……”或者“有的……，其余的……”：
Some students are very hard-working; others are not.
有些学生非常用功；有些则不然。
Some of the novels are interesting; (the) others are not.
在这些小说中，有些很有趣，其他的则不然。
4．keep guard, 守望，警戒，与 stand guard（站岗，放哨）意思相近。
Two thieves kept guard around the house while the others entered it.
两个小偷在屋子外面守着，其他的则进了屋。
They kept a close guard over the thieves.
他们对小偷们严加看管。
5．to their surprise, 令他们吃惊的是。
这个短语中的所有格形容词their也可以换成其他所有格形容词：(much) to my/ his surprise, to our surprise 等。一般不说 to your surprise.
语法 Grammar in use
1．过去进行时(The past progressive5 tense)
构成：be的过去式+现在分词（注意现在分词的构成）
（1）过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时和一般过去时经常同在一个句子里使用。过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作或情况，一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。正在进行中的动作或情况往往由连词 when, while, as, just as等引导：
While/ When/ As I was sweeping6 the floor, I found your pen.
我扫地的时候，发现了你的钢笔。
while通常只引导持续时间较长的动作，并且主句和从句可以同时用过去进行时，而when和as一般不这么用：
John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone.
当他的妻子和一位邻居在电话中聊天时，约翰一直在看电视。
Some students were dancing and singing while others were eating and drinking.
有些学生在唱歌跳舞，而另一些则在吃喝。
Just as I was opening the front door, the telephone rang.
我正开前门的时候，电话铃响了。
Just as I was leaving the house, you came in.
你进来的时候我正要出门。
when也可以引导比较短暂的动作，while和as则一般不行：
We were having supper when the lights went out.
我们正在吃晚饭时灯灭了。
2）过去进行时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用，如all morning, all night, all day, all evening, the whole week等，表示这段时间一直在干什么：
They were preparing for the party for two whole days.
整整两天他们一直在为晚会进行准备。
2．短语动词中的小品词(The particles)
在上一课的语法中已经提到，许多动词加上介词或副词后就会改变词义。这些介词和副词通常被称为小品词。它们没有词形变化。有些小品词既可以作介词又可以作副词。判断一个小品词是副词还是介词要看小品词有没有带宾语。有宾语的是介词，没有宾语的是副词。介词的位置相对固定些：I am looking for Tim.
我在找蒂姆。（for为介词，位置不能变动）
She looked after the baby.
她照顾那孩子。（after为介词）
He put the fire/ it out.
他灭了火。（out为副词）
Mother woke the children/ them up.
母亲把孩子们叫醒了。（up为副词）
She took the picture/ it down.
她把画取了下来。（down为副词）
Please turn the radio/ it off.
请把收音机关掉。（off为副词）
He turned it on.
约翰打开了电视。（on为副词）
Put the cake on the table.
把蛋糕放在桌上。（on为介词）
She is walking up the hill.
她正向山上走去。（up为介词）
词汇学习 Word study
1．expect
（1）vt., vi. 预计，预料：
We expect a cold winter this year.
我们预计今年冬天会冷。
Jim has failed in mathematics7 as his teacher expected.
正如他老师所预料的那样，吉姆数学考试没及格。
（2）vt. 等待，期待，盼望：
I'm expecting a letter from Jimmy.
我在等待吉米的一封信。
They are expecting guests tonight.
今晚有人要去他们那里作客。
expect所表示的等待一般暗含着根据某些信息或规律而作出相应反应的意思，而wait(for)主要指“等待”这个动作本身：
He waited for her for more than an hour, but she did not come.
他等了她一个多小时，但她没来。
Wait a minute, please.
请等一下。
（3）vt. 认为，猜想（一般用于口语）：
I expect you've heard the news.
我想你已经听到这个消息了。
2．steal
（1）vt. vi. 偷盗，行窃：
Someone has stolen my bike.
有人把我的自行车偷走了。
John never steals.
约翰从不偷东西。
（2）vt. 巧妙地占有，偷偷地弄到手：
He has stolen away Mary's heart.
他已赢得玛丽的芳心。
（3）vi. 偷偷地行动，悄悄靠近：
He stole into the room.
他悄悄地进了房间。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A detectives were waiting(1.1); They were expecting(1.2);
detectives were waiting(1.5); others were waiting(1.6);two detectives were keeping guard(11.7-8)
B 1 When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.
2 When two of the detectives opened the parcel, two others were keeping guard at the door.
C (sample answers)
1 I was getting into my bath when you telephoned me.
2 I was reading Hamlet when you saw me in the library this morning.
3 I was saying that you must see the new film when you interruped me.
D 1 was leaving…arrived 2 worked/ was working…was sitting/ sat3 was walking…met
4 was reading…heard
5 was preparing…set/ was setting8
6 dropped…spoke
2．难点练习答案
1 He gave all his books away.
2 She woke the children up early this morning.
4 They cut the king's head off.
5 Put your hat and coat on.
7 Help me to lift this table up.
8 Take your shoes off and put your slippers9 on.
11 They have pulled the old building down.12 Make your mind up.
14 She threw all those old newspapers away.
3．多项选择题答案
1 b 2 c 3 c 4 d 5 a 6 c
7 d 8 a 9 c 10 b 11a 12 b
课堂笔记
NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】
★detective n. 侦探
detective story 侦探小说
★airport n. 机场
★airfield n. 飞机起落的场地
port 港口；airport航空港
field 田野；airfield 停机坪
at the airport
on the airfield
★expect v. 期待，等待
except 除……之外
expect／ik'spekt/ v. 期待，等待
I think so.
I expect so.我希望如此［口语］
expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事
expect sth.及物动词：I expect your letter.
I expect you to write back.
wait for sth./wait for sb.不及物动词
expect:心理上的等待
wait for:动作上的等待
I wait for my mother.
I expect my mother to come back.
★valuable adj. 贵重的
★precious adj. 珍贵的
value n.---valuable adj.有价值的
sth.is valuable/sth.is precious
precious 带有感情色彩的
precious photo 珍贵的照片
price 价格；priceless10 adj.-less 表否定；没有价格的，无价的
valueless adj. 没有价值，不足道的
worth 值：worthless11 adj. 无价值的
★parcel n. 包裹
★diamond n. 钻石
precious stone 宝石
crystal12 水晶; jade13 玉
diamond ring 钻石戒指
★steal v. 偷
steal,stole,stolen
steal sth. 偷（某物）
rob14 sb. 抢(某人)
My wallet was stolen.
I was robbed15.
rob the bank
★main adj. 主要的
main building; main street
main sentence; main idea
不与人连用
★guard n. 警戒，守卫
life guard 救生员/body guard 保镖
★stone n. 石子
★sand n. 沙子
本课重点：过去进行时，一般过去时
一般过去时与现在完成时
共同点：动作在过去都做过了。
区别：过去式只能强调过去的事，和现在没有任何关系。
I ate a piece of bread.
现在完成时，过去的事情对现在产生的影响。
I have eaten a piece of bread this morning.I'm not hungry.
The clock stopped.陈述事实
The clock has stopped.过去的事实对现在造成影响
It snowed yesterday.
It has snowed yesterday.强调对现在造成影响
【课文讲解】
all morning=all the morning
The plane was late 飞机晚（点）了
The bus was late./The train was late.
detectives 没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探，强调侦探这种人
笼统感念，可不加some,the
....were waiting... 故事背景，用进行时态
They were expecting...期待着心理上的等
They were waiting for...
a valuable parcel of diamonds
a cup of tea 强调的是茶
South Africa 南非
a few hours earlier 几个小时以前
a few hours before/a few hours ago
someone had told...过去完成时，过去以前发生的事情
...that thieves would try to...
would+do 过去将来时,间接方式，转述，站在过去看未来
that 从句．典型的宾语从句，起转述作用
steal sth.
one...the other.../some...others...
others=other+名词复数
...the plane arrived,...were waiting inside the main building
while others were waiting on...
when; while 当……时候
while能用when代替； 但是when却不一定能用while代替．
while+从句，动作一定会延续
when+延续性动词／瞬间动词；when he arrived
when he died
when,while强调动作同时发生
过去进行时：
在过去的某一点时间，或者是过去某一动作同时发生的另外一个动作
瞬间动词（arrive)无进行时态
I am arriving 进行时态表示将要
When he arrived,I was having dinner.
同时发生的两个动作，均用过去进行时
When I was doing my Homework,my mother was cooking.
When my mother was doing the housework,my father was watching TV.
同时发生的两个动作
1.一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时
2.分工的情况，均用过去进行时
When the plane arrived,...were waiting inside the main building
while others were waiting on...
Two men took the parcel off...
take sth.off...=take sth.away from...
and carried it into...carried 表示看得很重
Customs House 海关
While...
...were keeping guard at the door,two others opened the parcel.
表面上是分工，两个动作同时开始，不是同时开始同时结束，延续时间不一致，
长一点时间的动作用进行时态，短时间的动作用过去时．
When someone knocked at the door,I was having dinner.
keep guard 守卫；at the door 在门边
two others=two other detectives
To their surprise
to one's surprise,让某人惊讶的是
To my surprise,the teacher was late.
to one's joy
To my joy, my mother came here yesterday.
to one's excitement
To our excitement,our team wins.
be full of ...装满
My bag was full of books.
The cup is full of water.
总结
a few hours ealier 几个小时以前
two others
to one's surprise,...
be full of 装满
重点：过去动作同时发生的时态
1.过去两个动作同时发生，习惯上一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时
；动作长用过去进行时，动作短用一般过去时；分工的情况，动作的开始时间和
结束时间几乎相同，均用过去进行时；
I was listening to the radio,my sister was dancing.
2.两个动作在同时段进行，在不同时间结束，先发生的动作未结束，另一个动作
发生，先发生的动作用进行时态，另一个动作用过去时．
When the telephone rang,I was opening the door.先开门
When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door. 电话先响
3.瞬间动词没有进行时态，所以两个动作同时发生，延续性动词用进行时态，瞬间
动词使用过去时态。
Special Difficulties】
Do you remember these sentences?
come and look at...
I am looking for...
v.+prep.+宾语
Now read these sentences
v.+prep./adv.代表不同的意思
look at 看；look after照料
v.+prep./adv.+宾语（ｎ．）
v.+宾语（n./pron.)+prep./adv.
take off the coat……take the coat off/take it off
coat n.作宾语
put on your shoes/put your shoes on/put them on
宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词
介词出现，一定要有宾语，所以 v.+prep.+宾语(n.)
副词可省略．v.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv. 或 v.+adv.+宾语(n.)
at,after prep; off adv.
vt.+宾语
vi.+prep.+宾语
take vt./look vi.
I always take money with me.
Exercise
put the book on the desk--> put vt.
put out...-->out adv.
He is looking for his pen.……for prep.
1.give away...-->give(vt.)-->give...away
2.woke up...-->wake sb.(vt.);up(adv.)-->wake...up...
wake me up.叫醒我；代词做宾语，放在动词与副词之间
3.look for...-->look(vi.)
4.cut off...-->cut(vt.);cut oneself;cut hair
5.put on...-->put...on...
6.give it back...-->it(pron.)
7.lift up...-->up(adv.)可省略；lift(up)sth;lift sth.up
8.take off...;put on...--->take (vt.)put(vt.)
9.look at...--->look(vi.)
10.send her away...---her(pron.)
11.pull down...-->pull(vt.);down(adv.)
pull one's leg 开玩笑
12.make up...--->make(vt.)up one's mind习惯用法不换,语法可换
13.ask for...-->ask(sb.)for sth. 省略sb.
14.throw away...-->throw(vt.)...away...
宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词
vt.+adv.+宾语(n.)
vt.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv.
vi+prep.+宾语(n.)
词组当中的练习，短语be interested in
如果不能接收，就记住－－放弃
如果已经说过，还没有明白，就要执著弄懂
Multiple Choice Exercises】
5.had done.——两个动作先后发生（一个动作结束，另一个动作才发生）用过去
完成时
before:在……之前 as soon as:一……就
8.expect,wait
I expect so. I expect your letter. expect somebody to do
wait for
expect somebody to expecting
9.valuable……precious value:名词
worth后面一定要加动词 something is worth...
The book is worth reading.
worthy16……be worthy of worthless……something is worthless
10.加something做宾语的一定是steal
Key structures】
Exercises D
1.As:正当 将要走 be doing was leaving ...arrived
2.was working...was sitting
3.was working...met
4.was reading...heard hear是不用进行时态的
5.set the table摆桌子 was preparing...set
6.dropped...was speaking
收听单词发音 |
1
parcel
|
|
| n.小包；包裹；vt.分配；打包；adj.部分的；adv.局部地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
airfield
|
|
| n.飞机场 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
customs
|
|
| n.海关，关税 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
precious
|
|
| adj.宝贵的，珍贵的，过于精致的，珍爱的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
progressive
|
|
| adj.先进的；前进的，渐进的；进行式的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
sweeping
|
|
| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
mathematics
|
|
| n.（用作单）数学；（用作单或复）计算(能力） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
setting
|
|
| n.背景 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
slippers
|
|
| n. 拖鞋 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
priceless
|
|
| adj.无价的，极其珍贵的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
worthless
|
|
| adj.无价值的，无用的，可鄙的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
crystal
|
|
| n.水晶，水晶饰品，结晶体；最好的玻璃器皿 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
jade
|
|
| n.玉石；碧玉；翡翠 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
rob
|
|
| v.抢劫；vi.抢劫，盗窃；vt.非法剥夺，使丧失，抢劫 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
robbed
|
|
| v.抢夺( rob的过去式和过去分词 )；抢劫；掠夺；使丧失 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
worthy
|
|
| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
购买
在百度中搜索