美国国家公共电台 NPR Anxiety Relief Without The High? New Studies On CBD, A Cannabis Extract

 

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

The movement to legalize marijuana in many states has led to more interest in a product that is derived¹ from cannabis. It's called CBD, and it's widely available online. Research suggests it may help to relieve pain and anxiety and other disorders³. NPR's Allison Aubrey reports.

ALLISON AUBREY, BYLINE⁴: Richard Ferry is the retail⁵ manager of the Home Grown Apothecary⁶ in Portland, Ore., where marijuana is legal. He says lots of his customers use CBD.

RICHARD FERRY: CBD has gotten a lot of buzz.

AUBREY: CBD, which is short for cannabidiol, is marketed as a way to relieve anxiety. And part of the appeal is that it doesn't have the same mind-altering effects as marijuana since it doesn't contain the psychoactive component⁷.

FERRY: And how do I sell it? All sorts of ways.

AUBREY: He walks us over to a shelf full of CBD products. There are capsules and little bottles of CBD oil that you take like a liquid medicine with a dropper. Then there's...

FERRY: Lotions⁸, oils.

AUBREY: So why all the interest in CBD?

FERRY: My customers are buying CBD products because of stress relief, because of aches, because of pains, because their mother-in-law is in town and they just want to chill out.

AUBREY: By one industry estimate, the CBD market has doubled since 2016. It's a $200 million industry, but with this popularity, the hype may have gotten ahead of the science.

FERRY: There's a lot of confusion about how it works and what it does exactly.

AUBREY: Turns out, there's a lot of new research into CBD. Esther Blessing⁹ is a psychiatrist¹⁰ at New York University. She now studies the compound.

ESTHER BLESSING: There's really good evidence to suggest that CBD could be an effective treatment of anxiety and addiction¹¹, but we need clinical trials to find out.

AUBREY: Blessing says so far the evidence comes from very small, short-term studies. She points to one from researchers in Brazil.

BLESSING: They did a study in people with social anxiety disorder², and they gave them CBD before a speech in front of a large audience.

AUBREY: The researchers compared anxiety levels in people after they took the CBD compared to a placebo¹².

BLESSING: And they found that people who took CBD reported significantly less anxiety, which is really interesting.

AUBREY: Blessing and a group of her collaborators are about to begin a clinical trial funded by the National Institutes of Health to test whether it can help people with PTSD and alcohol use disorder. Another study is looking at CBD's potential to prevent relapse in people who've been addicted¹³ to opioids. Now, it may seem counterintuitive that a compound in marijuana, a drug, could possibly be used to treat addiction to another drug. But Blessing says using CBD is not at all like using marijuana. It's extracted from cannabis, but it doesn't contain the psychoactive component that leads to altered perception and cognition.

BLESSING: CBD does affect the brain, but it seems to affect the brain in possibly medicinal ways.

AUBREY: That won't impair¹⁴ your thinking or make you feel high. Now, results from Blessing's clinical trial are a few years off, but in the meantime, just last week, advisers¹⁵ to the FDA approved the first pharmaceutical¹⁶-grade CBD to treat severe seizures¹⁷ in children with epilepsy. Robert Carson is a neurologist at Vanderbilt University who has evaluated the effectiveness of CBD supplements. He says they can be beneficial, but he says an FDA-approved CBD drug would be more reliable than the supplements.

RICHARD CARSON: We cannot guarantee what is in it. We cannot guarantee the consistency¹⁸.

AUBREY: Because supplements are not regulated like pharmaceutical drugs. And another issue - despite the fact it's widely available, a legal murkiness¹⁹ surrounds CBD supplements. Even if you live in a state where marijuana use is legal, the Federal Drug Enforcement Administration still considers the extract as a Schedule I substance, which is the most restricted category. Proponents²⁰ hope the findings of studies that are underway now will help change the thinking about its legal classification and its potential benefits. Allison Aubrey, NPR News.

(SOUNDBITE OF RATATAT'S "CREAM ON CHROME")

1 derived   

vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取

参考例句：

• Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

3 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

5 retail   

v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格

参考例句：

• In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
• These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。

6 apothecary   

n.药剂师

参考例句：

• I am an apothecary of that hospital.我是那家医院的一名药剂师。
• He was the usual cut and dry apothecary,of no particular age and color.他是那种再普通不过的行医者，说不出多大年纪，相貌也没什么值得一提的。

7 component   

n.组成部分，成分，元件；adj.组成的，合成的

参考例句：

• Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
• Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。

8 lotions   

n.洗液，洗剂，护肤液( lotion的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Do not use lotions or oils to lubricate the skin. 不要用润肤剂或油类来润滑皮肤。 来自辞典例句
• They were experts at preserving the bodies of the dead by embalming them with special lotions. 他们具有采用特种药物洗剂防止尸体腐烂的专门知识。 来自辞典例句

9 blessing   

n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿

参考例句：

• The blessing was said in Hebrew.祷告用了希伯来语。
• A double blessing has descended upon the house.双喜临门。

10 psychiatrist   

n.精神病专家；精神病医师

参考例句：

• He went to a psychiatrist about his compulsive gambling.他去看精神科医生治疗不能自拔的赌瘾。
• The psychiatrist corrected him gently.精神病医师彬彬有礼地纠正他。

11 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

12 placebo   

n.安慰剂；宽慰话

参考例句：

• The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases.人们已发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。
• The placebo effect refers to all the observable behaviors caused by placebo.安慰剂效应是指由安慰剂所引起的可观察的行为。

13 addicted   

adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的

参考例句：

• He was addicted to heroin at the age of 17.他17岁的时候对海洛因上了瘾。
• She's become addicted to love stories.她迷上了爱情小说。

14 impair   

v.损害，损伤；削弱，减少

参考例句：

• Loud noise can impair your hearing.巨大的噪音有损听觉。
• It can not impair the intellectual vigor of the young.这不能磨灭青年人思想活力。

15 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

16 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。

17 seizures   

n.起获( seizure的名词复数 )；没收；充公；起获的赃物

参考例句：

• Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year. 今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Other causes of unconsciousness predisposing to aspiration lung abscess are convulsive seizures. 造成吸入性肺脓肿昏迷的其他原因，有惊厥发作。 来自辞典例句

18 consistency   

n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度

参考例句：

• Your behaviour lacks consistency.你的行为缺乏一贯性。
• We appreciate the consistency and stability in China and in Chinese politics.我们赞赏中国及其政策的连续性和稳定性。

19 murkiness   

n.阴暗；混浊；可疑；黝暗

参考例句：

• There is a mass of murkiness which neither moonlight nor sunlight can penetrate. 日月无光。 来自辞典例句
• Ms Munro comes from southern Ontario, an area of considerable psychic murkiness and oddity. 芒罗女士(MsMunro)来自南安大略，一个奇特古怪的地方。 来自互联网

20 proponents   

n.（某事业、理论等的）支持者，拥护者( proponent的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Reviewing courts were among the most active proponents of hybrid rulemaking procedures. 复审法院是最积极的混合型规则制定程序的建议者。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• Proponents of such opinions were arrested as 'traitors. ' 提倡这种主张的人马上作为“卖国贼”逮捕起来。 来自辞典例句