纽约时报 叙利亚酷刑监狱 阿萨德镇压异见人士的血腥手段(3)

In recent months, Syria’s government has tacitly acknowledged that hundreds of people have died in detention¹.

近几个月，叙利亚政府已经默认有数百人在拘留期间死亡。

Under pressure from Moscow, Damascus has confirmed the deaths of at least several hundred people in custody²

在莫斯科施加的压力下，大马士革通过签发死亡证明及在家庭登记档案作亡故处理等方式

by issuing death certificates or listing them as dead in family registration³ files.

证实了至少有数百名被押人员押禁期间死亡。

The Syrian Network’s founder⁴, Fadel Abdul Ghany, said the move sent citizens a clear message:

“叙利亚网络”的创始人法德尔·阿卜杜勒·加尼表示，政府借此明确地传达了这样一个信息：

“We won, we did this, and no one will punish us.”

“我们赢了，我们做到了，并且，不会有任何人来惩罚我们。”

There is little hope for holding top officials accountable anytime soon.

要在短期内追究叙利亚高层官员的责任几乎无望。

But there is a growing movement to seek justice through European courts.

但通过欧洲的法庭讨回公道的运动正在日渐壮大。

French and German prosecutors⁵ have arrested three former security officials

法国和德国的检察官们已经逮捕了三名前叙利亚安全官员，

and issued international arrest warrants for Syria’s national security chief, Ali Mamlouk;

还对叙利亚国家安全部长阿里·曼鲁克，

its Air Force Intelligence director, Jamil Hassan;

叙利亚空军情报总监贾米尔·哈桑，

and others for torture and deaths in prison of citizens or residents of those countries.

以及其他跟这些国家的公民或居民在叙利亚监狱惨遭虐待或死亡脱不了干系的人发出了国际逮捕令。

Yet Mr. al-Assad and his lieutenants⁶ remain in power,

尽管如此，阿萨德和他的助手们依然大权在握，

safe from arrest, protected by Russia with its military might and its veto in the United Nations Security Council.

有俄罗斯的军事力量以及联合国安理会否决权的多方保护，他们都能免于被捕。

At the same time, Arab states are restoring relations with Damascus and European countries are considering following suit.

与此同时，阿拉伯国家正在修复与大马士革的关系，欧洲各国也在考虑效仿。

President Trump’s planned pullout of most of the 2,000 American troops in eastern Syria

美国在这场已经迈入第九个年头的冲突中的话语权本就已经微乎其微，

reduces already-minimal American leverage⁷ in the conflict, now in its ninth year.

特朗普总统又计划撤出驻扎在叙利亚东部的2000名美国士兵中的大部分兵力，导致美国更加式微。

That impunity⁸ is not just a domestic Syrian problem.

问题是，叙利亚政府逍遥法外不只是叙利亚的国内问题。

Without security reforms, the five million Syrian refugees in the Middle East and Europe are unlikely to return home to risk arbitrary arrest.

如果不进行安全改革，中东和欧洲的500万叙利亚难民将不太可能冒着被随意逮捕的风险返回他们的祖国。

And in an age of emboldened⁹ authoritarianism¹⁰ from the European far right to Saudi Arabia,

在这个欧洲极右势力到沙特阿拉伯，威权主义都在日益抬头的时代，

Mr. al-Assad has demonstrated that maximum violence against civilian¹¹ dissent¹² can be a winning strategy.

阿萨德已经证明，对持不同政见的平民施加最残酷的暴力或许是一种制胜之道。

“This will not stay in Syria,” Mazen Darwish, a Syrian human rights lawyer, said in Berlin, where he has assisted prosecutors.

“当前的形势在叙利亚不会持续太久，”在柏林帮助那些检察官的叙利亚人权律师马赞·达维什在柏林说道。

“People forget what is dictatorship, because we have 70 years of peace after World War II. But human rights is not in the DNA¹³ of states or politicians.”

“人们已经忘记了什么是独裁，因为二战后我们迎来了长达70年的和平。但国家或政客的骨子里并没有人权这一基因。”

“Justice is not a Syrian luxury,” he said. “It’s the world’s problem.”

“正义并非叙利亚得不到的奢侈品，”他说。“正义是全世界都存在的问题。”

The Syrian detention system is a supersized version of the one built by Mr. al-Assad’s father, President Hafez al-Assad.

叙利亚这一已经超级庞大的拘留系统最初是阿萨德父亲、叙利亚前总统哈菲兹·阿萨德打造起来的。

In 1982, he crushed an armed Muslim Brotherhood¹⁴ uprising in Hama,

1982年，他镇压了哈马的穆斯林兄弟会武装起义，

leveling much of the city and arresting tens of thousands of people: Islamists, leftist dissidents and random¹⁵ Syrians.

夷平了这座城市的大部分地区，还逮捕了无数伊斯兰主义者、左翼异见人士和毫无由头就被逮捕的叙利亚人。

1 detention   

n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下

参考例句：

• He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
• He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

2 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

3 registration   

n.登记，注册，挂号

参考例句：

• Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
• What's your registration number?你挂的是几号？

4 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

5 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

6 lieutenants   

n.陆军中尉( lieutenant的名词复数 )；副职官员；空军；仅低于…官阶的官员

参考例句：

• In the army, lieutenants are subordinate to captains. 在陆军中，中尉是上尉的下级。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Lieutenants now cap at 1.5 from 1. Recon at 1. 中尉现在由1人口增加的1.5人口。侦查小组成员为1人口。 来自互联网

7 leverage   

n.力量，影响；杠杆作用，杠杆的力量

参考例句：

• We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
• He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力，他的计划失败了。

8 impunity   

n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除

参考例句：

• You will not escape with impunity.你不可能逃脱惩罚。
• The impunity what compulsory insurance sets does not include escapement.交强险规定的免责范围不包括逃逸。

9 emboldened   

v.鼓励，使有胆量( embolden的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Emboldened by the wine, he went over to introduce himself to her. 他借酒壮胆，走上前去向她作自我介绍。
• His success emboldened him to expand his business. 他有了成就因而激发他进一步扩展业务。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 authoritarianism   

权力主义，独裁主义

参考例句：

• Modern authoritarianism is a vestige of traditional personal rule. 现代独裁主义则是传统的个人统治的残余。
• In its latter days it was a byword for authoritarianism, incompetence, and corruption. 在后期，它是独裁、无能和腐化的代号。

11 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

12 dissent   

n./v.不同意，持异议

参考例句：

• It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
• He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。

13 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

14 brotherhood   

n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊

参考例句：

• They broke up the brotherhood.他们断绝了兄弟关系。
• They live and work together in complete equality and brotherhood.他们完全平等和兄弟般地在一起生活和工作。

15 random   

adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动

参考例句：

• The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。