纽约时报 叙利亚酷刑监狱 阿萨德镇压异见人士的血腥手段(4)

Over two decades, around 17,000 detainees disappeared into a system

过去20年间，有大约1.7万名在押人员消失在这个

with a torture repertoire¹ that borrowed from French colonialists, regional dictators and even Nazis²:

用从法国殖民者、地区独裁者甚至纳粹——逃亡的纳粹高级长官阿道夫·艾希曼的助手阿洛伊斯·布伦纳曾担任过该系统的安全顾问——

Its security advisers³ included Adolf Eichmann’s fugitive⁴ aide Alois Brunner.

那里借鉴来的酷刑技巧打造起来的拘留系统中。

When Bashar al-Assad succeeded his father in 2000, he kept the detention⁵ system in place.

阿萨德2000年继位时将这一拘留制度保留了下来。

Each of Syria’s four intelligence agencies — military, political, air force and state security — has local branches across Syria.

叙利亚的四类情报机构——军事、政治、空军和国家安全四类——都在叙利亚各地设有分支机构。

Most have their own jails.

他们大都有自己的监狱。

CIJA has documented hundreds of them.

以色列和犹太教事务中心的档案就提到了数百个这种监狱。

It was the detention and torture of several teenagers in March 2011, for scrawling⁶ graffiti critical of Mr. al-Assad,

2011年3月，几名青少年因用涂鸦批判阿萨德遭到了拘留和严刑拷打，

that pushed Syrians to join the uprisings then sweeping⁷ Arab countries.

导致叙利亚人加入当时已经席卷了多个阿拉伯国家的起义的就是此事。

Demonstrations⁸ protesting their treatment spread from their hometown, Dara’a, leading to more arrests, which galvanized more protests.

民众们发起了游行示威活动，抗议他们遭受的待遇，活动从德拉逐渐蔓延，引发了更多的人被捕，继而又引发了更多的抗议活动。

A flood of detainees from all over Syria joined the existing dissidents at Saydnaya Prison.

来自叙利亚各地的被拘留者被大批大批地投进了塞德纳亚监狱，和之前已经关在那里的异见人士为伍。

The new detainees ranged “from the garbageman to the peasant to the engineer to the doctor, all classes of Syrians,” said Riyad Avlar,

新被拘留的人“包括从清洁工、农民、工程师到医生的叙利亚各个阶层的人”，里亚德·阿夫拉说道。

a Turkish citizen who was held for 20 years after being arrested in 1996,

里亚德是一名土耳其公民，1996年，时年19岁并且还是学生的他

as a 19-year-old student, for interviewing Syrians about a prison massacre⁹.

因为采访了叙利亚人对一场监狱大屠杀的看法被捕，迄今为止他已经被关押了20年。

Torture increased, he said;

他说，酷刑越来越残忍了，

the newcomers were sexually assaulted, beaten on the genitals, and forced to beat or even kill one another.

新来的人会被性侵，其生殖部位也会被殴打，还有被迫殴打其他人甚至互相残杀。

No one knows exactly how many Syrians have passed through the system since;

没有人确切知道自那以来有多少叙利亚人经历过这个系统；

rights groups estimate hundreds of thousands to a million.

人权组织估计这一数据在几十万到一百万之间。

Damascus does not release prison data.

大马士革没有公布监狱的数据。

By all accounts, the system overflowed¹⁰.

人人都说，这个系统已经人满为患了。

Some political detainees landed in regular prisons.

一些政治犯被关在了普通监狱。

Security forces and pro-government militias¹¹ created uncounted makeshift dungeons¹² at schools, stadiums, offices, military bases and checkpoints.

安全部队和亲政府民兵还在学校、体育场、办公室、军事基地和检查站建造了数不清的临时地牢。

The Syrian Network’s tally¹³ of 127,916 people currently caught in the system is probably an undercount.

据叙利亚网络统计，目前被抓到了这个系统中的人数有12.7916万人，事实可能不止这么多。

The number, a count of arrests reported by detainees’ families and other witnesses,

因为这一数据是从拘留者家属和其他目击者报告的逮捕人数统计出来的，

does not include people later released or confirmed dead.

并不包括后来获释或确认死亡的人。

Because of government secrecy¹⁴, no one knows how many have died in custody¹⁵,

由于政府的保密，并没有人知道到底有多少人在拘留期间死亡，

but thousands of deaths were recorded in memos¹⁷ and photographs.

但各种备忘录和照片显示至少有数千人。

A former military police officer, known only as Caesar to protect his safety, had the job of photographing corpses¹⁸.

一名前宪兵军官，为了保护他的安全，我们只知道他叫凯撒，是负责给尸体拍照的。

He fled Syria with pictures of at least 6,700 corpses, bone-thin and battered¹⁹, which shocked the world when they emerged in 2014.

后来，他带着至少6700具尸体的照片逃出了叙利亚，2014年那些骨瘦如柴，伤痕累累的尸体照片在被曝光时，全世界都惊呆了。

But he also photographed memos on his boss’s desk reporting deaths to superiors.

但他也拍下了老板办公桌上向上级汇报死亡情况的那些备忘录。

Like the death certificates issued recently, the memos list the cause of death as “cardiac arrest.”

和最近发布的死亡证明一样，备忘录将被押人员的死亡原因归结为了“心脏骤停”。

One memo¹⁶ identifies a detainee who also appears in one of Caesar’s photos; his eye is gouged²⁰ out.

有一份备忘录中也提到了曾经出现在凯撒的照片里的囚犯；他的眼睛都被挖了。

The prisons seem to have been hit with an uncanny epidemic²¹ of heart disease, said Mr. Darwish, the human rights lawyer.

人权律师达维什说，那些监狱似乎都染上了一种离奇的心脏病流行病。

“Of course, when they die, their heart stops,” he said.

“当然，那些人死的时候，他们的心脏都是会停止跳动的，”他说。

1 repertoire   

n.(准备好演出的)节目，保留剧目；(计算机的)指令表，指令系统， <美>(某个人的)全部技能；清单，指令表

参考例句：

• There is an extensive repertoire of music written for the flute.有很多供长笛演奏的曲目。
• He has added considerably to his piano repertoire.他的钢琴演奏曲目大大增加了。

2 Nazis   

n.（德国的）纳粹党员( Nazi的名词复数 )；纳粹主义

参考例句：

• The Nazis worked them over with gun butts. 纳粹分子用枪托毒打他们。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Nazis were responsible for the mass murder of Jews during World War Ⅱ. 纳粹必须为第二次世界大战中对犹太人的大屠杀负责。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

4 fugitive   

adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者

参考例句：

• The police were able to deduce where the fugitive was hiding.警方成功地推断出那逃亡者躲藏的地方。
• The fugitive is believed to be headed for the border.逃犯被认为在向国境线逃窜。

5 detention   

n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下

参考例句：

• He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
• He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

6 scrawling   

乱涂，潦草地写( scrawl的现在分词 )

参考例句：

7 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

8 demonstrations   

证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威

参考例句：

• Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
• The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。

9 massacre   

n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀

参考例句：

• There was a terrible massacre of villagers here during the war.在战争中，这里的村民惨遭屠杀。
• If we forget the massacre,the massacre will happen again!忘记了大屠杀，大屠杀就有可能再次发生！

10 overflowed   

溢出的

参考例句：

• Plates overflowed with party food. 聚会上的食物碟满盘盈。
• A great throng packed out the theater and overflowed into the corridors. 一大群人坐满剧院并且还有人涌到了走廊上。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 militias   

n.民兵组织，民兵( militia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias. 部队并不打算解除战斗中的民兵武装。 来自辞典例句
• The neighborhood was a battleground for Shiite and Sunni militias. 那里曾是什叶派和逊尼派武装分子的战场。 来自互联网

12 dungeons   

n.地牢( dungeon的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The captured rebels were consigned to the dungeons. 抓到的叛乱分子被送进了地牢。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He saw a boy in fetters in the dungeons. 他在地牢里看见一个戴着脚镣的男孩。 来自辞典例句

13 tally   

n.计数器，记分，一致，测量；vt.计算，记录，使一致；vi.计算，记分，一致

参考例句：

• Don't forget to keep a careful tally of what you spend.别忘了仔细记下你的开支账目。
• The facts mentioned in the report tally to every detail.报告中所提到的事实都丝毫不差。

14 secrecy   

n.秘密，保密，隐蔽

参考例句：

• All the researchers on the project are sworn to secrecy.该项目的所有研究人员都按要求起誓保守秘密。
• Complete secrecy surrounded the meeting.会议在绝对机密的环境中进行。

15 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

16 memo   

n.照会，备忘录；便笺；通知书；规章

参考例句：

• Do you want me to send the memo out?您要我把这份备忘录分发出去吗？
• Can you type a memo for me?您能帮我打一份备忘录吗？

17 memos   

n.备忘录( memo的名词复数 )；（美）内部通知

参考例句：

• Big shots get their dander up and memos start flying. 大人物们怒火中烧，备忘录四下乱飞。 来自辞典例句
• There was a pile of mail, memos and telephone messages on his desk. 他的办公桌上堆满着信件、备忘录和电话通知。 来自辞典例句

18 corpses   

n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The living soldiers put corpses together and burned them. 活着的战士把尸体放在一起烧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Overhead, grayish-white clouds covered the sky, piling up heavily like decaying corpses. 天上罩满了灰白的薄云，同腐烂的尸体似的沉沉的盖在那里。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

19 battered   

adj.磨损的；v.连续猛击；磨损

参考例句：

• He drove up in a battered old car.他开着一辆又老又破的旧车。
• The world was brutally battered but it survived.这个世界遭受了惨重的创伤,但它还是生存下来了。

20 gouged   

v.凿( gouge的过去式和过去分词 )；乱要价；（在…中）抠出…；挖出…

参考例句：

• The lion's claws had gouged a wound in the horse's side. 狮爪在马身一侧抓了一道深口。
• The lovers gouged out their names on the tree. 情人们把他们的名字刻在树上。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

21 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。