偶像励志英语演讲 第98期:如何解决这个世界最严重的不平等(8)

　　The AIDS epidemic¹ offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would be a vaccine² that gives lifetime immunity³ with a single dose. So governments, drug companies, and foundations are funding vaccine research. But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand-and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky⁴ behavior.
艾滋病就是一个例子。毫无疑问，总的目标是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理想的技术是一种疫苗，只要注射一次，就可以终生免疫。所以，政府、制药公司、基金会在资助疫苗研究。但是，这种研究工作很可能花费十几年时间。因此，与此同时，我们必须使用现有技术——目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行为。
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working-and never do what we did with malaria⁵ and tuberculosis⁶ in the 20th century-which is to surrender to complexity⁷ and quit.
要实现这个目标，又可以采用四步循环。这是一种模式。关键是永远不要停止思考和行动——我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误——那时我们因为它们太复杂而放弃了采取行动。
The final step-after seeing the problem and finding an approach is to measure the impact of the work and share tha successes and failures so that others can learn from the efforts.
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后，就该进行最后一步——评估工作结果，将你的成功经验或者失败经验同其他人分享，这样他们就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show, for example, that a program is vaccinating⁸ millions more children. You have to be able to show, for example, a decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from business and government.
当然，你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道，例如，你的项目为几百万儿童接种了疫苗。你也必须让他人知道，儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的，不仅有利于改进项目，也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
重点讲解：
1. be likely to do sth.
可能（做…）的；有（…）倾向的；
eg. Once people have seen that something actually works, they are much more likely to accept change.
一旦人们看到有些东西确实奏效，那他们可能会更容易接受变化。
eg. This is as difficult a problem as you are likely to meet.
像这样的难题，你可能会碰到。
2. in hand
在手中；现有的；
eg. Having enough data in hand, we can set to work.
手头有足够的资料我们可以开始工作了。
eg. I haven't any money in hand.
我手头一分钱都没有。
3. learn from
（从…中）吸取（教训）；
eg. I am convinced that he has learned from his mistakes.
我深信他已从错误中吸取了教训。
eg. The company failed to learn any lessons from this experience.
公司未能从这次经历中吸取任何教训。
4. be able to do sth.
能做到某事；
eg. Now we'll be able to live in luxury for the rest of our lives.
如今我们可在有生之年过豪华生活了。
eg. Unfortunately, I won't be able to attend the meeting.
真可惜我不能参加这次会议。

1 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

2 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

3 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

4 risky   

adj.有风险的，冒险的

参考例句：

• It may be risky but we will chance it anyhow.这可能有危险，但我们无论如何要冒一冒险。
• He is well aware how risky this investment is.他心里对这项投资的风险十分清楚。

5 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

6 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

7 complexity   

n.复杂(性)，复杂的事物

参考例句：

• Only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
• The complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。

8 vaccinating   

给…接种疫苗( vaccinate的现在分词 )； 注射疫苗，接种疫苗

参考例句：

• At first blush, vaccinating the wolves against rabies seems a simple solution. 乍一看来，为狼群注射防狂犬病疫苗是一种简单的办法。
• Also vaccinating children against misers (measles) has saved many lives. 还有，给儿童进行疫苗接种防止麻疹也挽救了许多生命。