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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute?

Could the eradication¹ of smallpox² have been a factor in the spread of HIV? That’s the question posed by researchers in the journal BMC Immunology, who think that the vaccine³ might have offered partial protection against HIV. As smallpox was wiped out, fewer people received the vaccine. The HIV explosion followed.

In this small study, the researchers exposed immune cells from 10 smallpox-vaccinated⁴ people to HIV. Cells from 10 people never vaccinated against smallpox were also exposed. And HIV did replicate⁵ much more successfully in the cells from the non-vaccinated subjects.

Further research confirming the relationship between stopping the smallpox vaccine and the rise of HIV would not surprise William McNeill. The author of the classic book Plagues and Peoples also wrote a chapter titled "Patterns of Disease Emergence⁶ in History" for the 1993 book Emerging Viruses. He mused⁷ on our ability to “insulate ourselves from local and frequent disasters.” But doing so comes at the cost of “creating a new vulnerability to some larger disaster.” McNeill concluded: “Perhaps what we face as humans is a conservation of catastrophe⁸.”

Thanks for the minute for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky Cynthia.

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1 eradication
n.根除
参考例句：
The eradication of an established infestation is not easy. 根除昆虫蔓延是不容易的。 This is often required for intelligent control and eradication. 这经常需要灵巧的控制与消除。

2 smallpox
n.天花
参考例句：
In 1742 he suffered a fatal attack of smallpox.1742年，他染上了致命的天花。 Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child?你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

3 vaccine
n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的
参考例句：
The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。 She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

4 vaccinated
[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的
参考例句：
I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。 Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

5 replicate
v.折叠，复制，模写；n.同样的样品；adj.转折的
参考例句：
The DNA of chromatin must replicate before cell division.染色质DNA在细胞分裂之前必须复制。 It is also easy to replicate,as the next subsection explains.就像下一个小节详细说明的那样，它还可以被轻易的复制。

6 emergence
n.浮现，显现，出现，（植物）突出体
参考例句：
The last decade saw the emergence of a dynamic economy.最近10年见证了经济增长的姿态。 Language emerges and develops with the emergence and development of society.语言是随着社会的产生而产生，随着社会的发展而发展的。

7 mused
v.沉思，冥想( muse的过去式和过去分词 )；沉思自语说（某事）
参考例句：
\"I wonder if I shall ever see them again, \"he mused. “我不知道是否还可以再见到他们，”他沉思自问。来自《简明英汉词典》 \"Where are we going from here?\" mused one of Rutherford's guests. 卢瑟福的一位客人忍不住说道：‘我们这是在干什么？” 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史

8 catastrophe
n.大灾难，大祸
参考例句：
I owe it to you that I survived the catastrophe.亏得你我才大难不死。 This is a catastrophe beyond human control.这是一场人类无法控制的灾难。