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This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science, I’m Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?
City living has obviously influenced human culture—as have often been noted1, how you gonna keep ‘em down on the farm after they’ve seen Paree'? But urban life may have also influenced human genes3, making the descendants of ancient city dwellers4 more resistant5 to disease. That's according to a study in the journal Evolution.
The researchers started from the premise6 that densely7 populated cities would be good places for infectious diseases, which could spread easily from person to person. That situation should have set up selection pressure for the ability to survive such infections.
The scientists sampled the DNA8 of 17 populations from Africa, Asia and Europe, including longtime urbanites—like Italians, Turks and Iranians—and traditionally rural or nomadic9 groups, like Malawians or the Saami people of northern Scandinavia.
Then the researchers zeroed in on a gene2 variant10 that offers protection against diseases like tuberculosis11 or leprosy. After controlling for any shared ancestry12 between the groups, they indeed found that the protective gene was significantly more common in cultures with a long history of urban settlement. Which may be some comfort next time someone's sneezing near you on the subway.
1 noted | |
adj.著名的,知名的 | |
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2 gene | |
n.遗传因子,基因 | |
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3 genes | |
n.基因( gene的名词复数 ) | |
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4 dwellers | |
n.居民,居住者( dweller的名词复数 ) | |
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5 resistant | |
adj.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的 | |
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6 premise | |
n.前提;v.提论,预述 | |
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7 densely | |
ad.密集地;浓厚地 | |
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8 DNA | |
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸 | |
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9 nomadic | |
adj.流浪的;游牧的 | |
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10 variant | |
adj.不同的,变异的;n.变体,异体 | |
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11 tuberculosis | |
n.结核病,肺结核 | |
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12 ancestry | |
n.祖先,家世 | |
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