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At the Lindau Nobel Laureate meeting in Lindau Germany, this will just take a little time than a usual minute.
Edmond Fischer won the Nobel Prize in Physiology1 or Medicine in 1992 for his discoveries with Edwin Krebs about the way protein get activated2, and cellular3 processes get regulated, the simple process called phosphorylation.
Now 81 years old, Fischer spoke4 to the students at Lindau Nobel Laureate meeting about the difference between research when he was working in the 1950s and the way he conducts today.
Science was conducted in a total different way, in those days, in facts, since the days of clued beyond that, The French physiologists5 who first show the glycogenic action of the Pancreas, one observed a physiological6 phenomenon and then one tried to detect the fact the enzymes8, the hormones9, responsible for it.
Where as today, by and larger see other way around, first enzymes proteins are discovered and with completions of I don't know how many genome sequencing. Projects hundreds of being discovered, then by over-expressing them, knocking them in and out when tries to determine their function.
So to paraphrase10 xx, we went from 6 functions in search for an an enzyme7 to hundreds of enzyme protein, in search of a function.
1 physiology | |
n.生理学,生理机能 | |
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2 activated | |
adj. 激活的 动词activate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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3 cellular | |
adj.移动的;细胞的,由细胞组成的 | |
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4 spoke | |
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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5 physiologists | |
n.生理学者( physiologist的名词复数 );生理学( physiology的名词复数 );生理机能 | |
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6 physiological | |
adj.生理学的,生理学上的 | |
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7 enzyme | |
n.酵素,酶 | |
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8 enzymes | |
n. 酶,酵素 | |
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9 hormones | |
n. 荷尔蒙,激素 名词hormone的复数形式 | |
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10 paraphrase | |
vt.将…释义,改写;n.释义,意义 | |
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