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Using less energy saves money and lowers greenhouse gas emissions1. And various studies have looked at ways to get households to use less energy. Now there’s evidence that people in such a study use less energy…because they’re in a study.
The general phenomenon is called the Hawthorne effect: study subjects change their behavior because they’re being observed. So researchers collaborated2 with a utility to test for the Hawthorne effect in electricity use.
They monitored almost 5,600 randomly3 selected households. Half received a postcard saying that their energy use would be monitored for a month for research purposes. They also got four follow-up reminder4 postcards over the month. They received no other information, instructions or incentives5.
The control group monitored for the study got no notifications. That group continued using the same amount of electricity. But the families being tracked reduced energy use 2.7 percent. And when the study period ended, their energy use shot back up. The report is in the Proceedings6 of the National Academy of Sciences. [Daniel Schwartz et al., The Hawthorne effect and energy awareness]
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1 emissions | |
排放物( emission的名词复数 ); 散发物(尤指气体) | |
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2 collaborated | |
合作( collaborate的过去式和过去分词 ); 勾结叛国 | |
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3 randomly | |
adv.随便地,未加计划地 | |
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4 reminder | |
n.提醒物,纪念品;暗示,提示 | |
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5 incentives | |
激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 ); 刺激; 诱因; 动机 | |
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6 proceedings | |
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报 | |
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7 makers | |
n.制造者,制造商(maker的复数形式) | |
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