科学美国人60秒 SSS 海洋塑料气味令海龟着迷

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Annie Sneed.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是安妮·斯尼德。

Plastic: It's all over the ocean. And for sea turtles, it's a killer¹. At least 1,000 die every year because they swallow plastic or get tangled² up in it.

塑料遍布海洋。对海龟来说，塑料是致命杀手。每年至少有1000只海龟因吞食塑料或被塑料缠住而死亡。

So why do sea turtles run into plastic so often? And why the heck are they eating it? Scientists believed the turtles may think they're biting into their prey³ like jellyfish when they come across some plastics.

那为什么海龟如此频繁地接触塑料呢？他们究竟为何要吃塑料？科学家认为，当海龟碰到一些塑料制品时，它们可能会认为自己在咬水母等猎物。

But now a study finds that the smell of plastic may also be attractive. Researchers exposed 15 loggerhead turtles to different odors in the lab. They tested the animals' response to the smell of turtle food, distilled⁴ water, clean plastic and also to biofouled plastic—that's plastic that has marine⁵ organisms growing all over it, which is a common occurrence in the sea and on beaches.

但现在一项研究发现，塑料的味道可能吸引海龟。研究人员在实验室中让15只蠵龟接触不同的气味。他们测试了蠵龟对龟食、蒸馏水、清洁塑料生物附着塑料等气味的反应，生物附着塑料是周围长满海洋生物的塑料，在海水和海岸中都很常见。

"It gets occupied by algae⁶ and other organisms pretty quickly. And it doesn't take very long. I mean, if you leave a plastic water bottle sitting on the sand, even for a week, it's liable to get covered in these organisms. And once it's covered and biofouled, that's what makes it so appetizing to turtles."

“这种塑料很快就会被藻类和其它生物体占领。时间不会很久。如果将塑料水瓶立在沙滩上，即使只有一周时间，它也很容易被这些生物体覆盖。一旦塑料被生物体覆盖和堆积，就会令海龟垂涎不已。”

Kayla Goforth, a Ph.D. student in biology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel⁷ Hill.

北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的生物学博士生凯拉·高福思说到。

The research team found that the loggerhead turtles had similar responses to biofouled plastic as to their normal food.

研究团队发现，蠵龟对被生物附着塑料的反应与对正常食物的反应相似。

"So they have to come up to breathe. And we know that they can detect airborne odors. So when they find that there's an odor of interest in the air, they'll spend an increased amount of time at the surface with their nostrils⁸ out of the water. And we found that the turtles spent more time with their nostrils out of the water when there was this biofouled plastic odor or a food odor."

“它们不得不浮上水面呼吸。我们知道它们们能探测到空气中的气味。因此，当它们发现空气中有一种感兴趣的气味时，它们鼻孔露出水面的时间就会更长。我们发现，当有这种生物附着塑料气味或食物气味时，蠵龟鼻孔露出水面的时间会更长。”

The study is in the journal Current Biology.

这项研究发表在《当代生物学》期刊上。

The researchers don't know exactly what makes biofouled plastic smell so tasty to turtles. But they think a compound called dimethyl sulfide might be the culprit.

研究人员尚不清楚到底是什么让生物附着塑料令蠵龟如此着迷。但他们认为化合物二甲基硫醚可能是罪魁祸首。

"It's a chemical that we know that sea turtles can detect. And seabirds and some fishes are also capable of detecting it. And they all use it as a feeding cue."

“我们知道这是种海龟可以探测到的化学物质。海鸟和一些鱼类也能探测到它。它们都把二甲基硫醚当作食物线索。”

So the next time you're about to buy that plastic bottle, remember: it could wind up inside a sea turtle.

因此，下次买塑料瓶时，记住：它可能最终会进入海龟体内。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Annie Sneed.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是安妮·斯尼德。

1 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

2 tangled   

adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• Your hair's so tangled that I can't comb it. 你的头发太乱了，我梳不动。
• A movement caught his eye in the tangled undergrowth. 乱灌木丛里的晃动引起了他的注意。

3 prey   

n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨

参考例句：

• Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
• The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。

4 distilled   

adj.由蒸馏得来的v.蒸馏( distil的过去式和过去分词 )；从…提取精华

参考例句：

• The televised interview was distilled from 16 hours of film. 那次电视采访是从16个小时的影片中选出的精华。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Gasoline is distilled from crude oil. 汽油是从原油中提炼出来的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

6 algae   

n.水藻，海藻

参考例句：

• Most algae live in water.多数藻类生长在水中。
• Algae grow and spread quickly in the lake.湖中水藻滋蔓。

7 chapel   

n.小教堂，殡仪馆

参考例句：

• The nimble hero,skipped into a chapel that stood near.敏捷的英雄跳进近旁的一座小教堂里。
• She was on the peak that Sunday afternoon when she played in chapel.那个星期天的下午，她在小教堂的演出，可以说是登峰造极。

8 nostrils   

鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Her nostrils flared with anger. 她气得两个鼻孔都鼓了起来。
• The horse dilated its nostrils. 马张大鼻孔。