科学美国人60秒 SSS 帮助孩子应对与新冠肺炎有关的忧虑

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Susanne Bard¹.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是苏珊娜·巴德。

Stay-at-home orders due to COVID-19 have been in place for several months now.

因新冠肺炎颁布的居家令已实施数月之久。

For many parents, these requirements have led to a balancing act between working from home and attending to their children.

对许多家长来说，这些要求让他们要在居家办公和照顾孩子之间左右平衡。

Families have been forced to adapt to unexpected disruptions in their daily routines,

家人被迫适应日常生活中意想不到的中断，

and kids have been isolated² from their peers—all of which can affect their psychological well-being³.

孩子与同龄人隔离，所有这些都会影响他们的心理健康。

"I think even though everyone is having some experience of loss and grief over not getting to do the things they're used to doing,

“我认为，尽管每个人都因为不能做自已习惯做的事而体会到失落和悲伤，

we're going to see a lot of individual differences in how kids react."

但我们会看到儿童的反应存在很大的个体差异。”

University of Washington psychologist Liliana Lengua.

华盛顿大学的心理学家莉莉安娜·伦古阿说到。

She says a child's temperament⁴ has a big influence on how they respond to stressful events.

她表示，孩子的性格对他们应对压力事件的方式有很大影响。

"Kids who were already prone⁵ to being fearful or anxious might be especially anxious about getting sick or about family members getting sick."

“本来就有恐惧或焦虑倾向的孩子可能尤其会对生病或家人生病感到忧虑。”

Very sociable⁶ kids may struggle more with social isolation⁷ than others do. And kids who are easily frustrated⁸ may become even more so.

就社交隔离而言，非常善于交际的孩子可能比其他人做更多抗争。而容易受挫的孩子可能会变得更加沮丧。

But despite these differences, Lengua says parents can help their kids cope by validating⁹ their feelings.

但伦古阿表示，尽管存在这些差异，家长可以通过认可孩子的感受来帮助他们应对。

"Validating really means hearing, listening, recognizing what the source of that person's emotional experience is—and recognizing the truth of it."

“认可意味着留意、倾听、承认一个人情绪体验的源头，并认同其真实性。”

It's also important to check in with kids about the very real fears they face.

与孩子们沟通他们所面临的真实恐惧也非常重要。

"Inviting¹⁰ children to talk openly, and sometimes showing our own vulnerability, can be helpful in facilitating that conversation."

“请孩子们开诚布公地交谈，时而表现出我们自己的脆弱性，有助于促进交流。”

For teens, being cut off from friends can be especially challenging.

对青少年来说，与朋友切断联系可能尤其具有挑战性。

"And I think all parents can do at that point is validate¹¹ their youth:

“我认为在这一点上，所有家长都能做的就是认可他们的青春：

'This is awful. This is hard. I know this is really a loss for you.' And just recognize those feelings and not dismiss them."

‘这很糟糕。也很艰难。我知道这对你来说是种损失。’只要认可这些感受，不要忽视它们。”

But how can a parent tell if their child might be developing more serious mental health issues?

但家长要如何判断他们的孩子是否会产生更严重的心理健康问题？

Lengua suggests keeping an eye out for big changes from their normal selves.

伦古阿建议留意孩子超出正常状态的重大变化。

"Has this gotten really so extreme that it's interfering¹² with that child's functioning or their relationships?"

“这是否会变得非常极端，以致于妨碍到孩子的功能或人际关系？”

For example, more intense and frequent emotional breakdowns¹³, an inability to enjoy anything or withdrawal¹⁴ from the family.

比如更强烈和更频繁的情绪崩溃，无法享受任何东物或不参与家庭正常。

In those cases, Lengua recommends seeking professional guidance, which could start with the family pediatrician.

在这些情况下，伦古阿建议寻求专业指导，可以从家庭儿科医生开始。

As the school year finishes, and we head into summer, uncertainty¹⁵ remains¹⁶:

随着学年结束，我们进入夏季，不确定性依然存在：

"We don't have an end point. We don't know even what fall is going to look like.

“我们还没有到疫情结束点。我们甚至不知道秋天会是什么情况。

We're going to have to find more tools and skills for keeping up our spirits, for keeping up our resilience."

我们必须找到更多工具和技能来保持我们的精神，保持我们的韧性。”

One crucial way parents can help their kids?

家长能帮助孩子的一种关键方法是什么？

"I think parents really need to take care of themselves, too."

“我认为家长真的也需要照顾好自己。”

Thanks for listening for Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Susanne Bard.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是苏珊娜·巴德。

1 bard   

n.吟游诗人

参考例句：

• I'll use my bard song to help you concentrate!我会用我的吟游诗人歌曲帮你集中精神！
• I find him,the wandering grey bard.我发现了正在徘徊的衰老游唱诗人。

2 isolated   

adj.与世隔绝的

参考例句：

• His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
• Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

3 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

4 temperament   

n.气质，性格，性情

参考例句：

• The analysis of what kind of temperament you possess is vital.分析一下你有什么样的气质是十分重要的。
• Success often depends on temperament.成功常常取决于一个人的性格。

5 prone   

adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的

参考例句：

• Some people are prone to jump to hasty conclusions.有些人往往作出轻率的结论。
• He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him.人家一不同意他的意见,他就发脾气。

6 sociable   

adj.好交际的，友好的，合群的

参考例句：

• Roger is a very sociable person.罗杰是个非常好交际的人。
• Some children have more sociable personalities than others.有些孩子比其他孩子更善于交际。

7 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

8 frustrated   

adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
• The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 validating   

v.证实( validate的现在分词 )；确证；使生效；使有法律效力

参考例句：

• His politics at home were validating his efforts in the hemisphere. 他的国内政策也有效地支持了他对本半球所做的努力。 来自辞典例句
• A number of different experimental approaches have aided in validating the concept. 许多不同的实验方法，有助于确证这种概念。 来自辞典例句

10 inviting   

adj.诱人的，引人注目的

参考例句：

• An inviting smell of coffee wafted into the room.一股诱人的咖啡香味飘进了房间。
• The kitchen smelled warm and inviting and blessedly familiar.这间厨房的味道温暖诱人，使人感到亲切温馨。

11 validate   

vt.（法律）使有效，使生效

参考例句：

• You need an official signature to validate the order.你要有正式的签字，这张汇票才能生效。
• In order to validate the agreement,both parties sign it.为使协议有效，双方在上面签了字。

12 interfering   

adj. 妨碍的 动词interfere的现在分词

参考例句：

• He's an interfering old busybody! 他老爱管闲事！
• I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own decisions. 我希望我母亲不再干预，让我自己拿主意。

13 breakdowns   

n.分解( breakdown的名词复数 )；衰竭；（车辆或机器的）损坏；统计分析

参考例句：

• Her old car was unreliable, so the trip was plagued by breakdowns. 她的旧车老不听使唤，一路上总是出故障。 来自辞典例句
• How do we prevent these continual breakdowns? 我们如何防止这些一再出现的故障？ 来自辞典例句

14 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

15 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

16 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。