科学美国人60秒 SSS 鼻涕宫殿揭示深海生物的秘密

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

Mucus is a miraculous¹ substance. It's in our noses, of course—but it also helps us swallow.

黏液是种神奇的物质。当然，我们的鼻子里就有黏液，它也能帮助我们吞咽。

And it lubricates our eyes, so we can blink. But it's not just us. Mucus is ubiquitous in the oceans, too.

黏液润滑我们的眼睛，所以我们可以眨眼。但不仅人类有黏液。它在海洋中也无处不在。

"Fish are covered in mucus.

“鱼类身上布满黏液。

There are parrot fish that excrete mucus balloons around their head, presumably to protect them against predators² or parasites³."

比如，鹦鹉鱼的头部会分泌出黏液气球，这大概是为了保护它们免受捕食者或寄生虫的攻击。”

Kakani Katija, a bioengineer at the Monterey Bay Aquarium⁴ Research Institute.

蒙特利湾水族馆研究所的生物工程师卡卡尼·卡迪加说到。

She's interested in the mucus creations of another creature called a larvacean.

她感兴趣的是名为幼形虫的另一种生物的黏液。

"Actually I wonder if I have one in my bag now."

“事实上，我想知道现在我的包里是不是就有一只。”

She means a 3-D printed one, not a real one.

她指的是3D打印的虫子，可不是真的虫子。

Katija says that larvaceans look a lot like tadpoles—and even the ones called "giant" larvaceans are only about four inches long.

卡迪加表示，幼形虫看起来很像蝌蚪，甚至那些被称为“巨型”幼形虫的虫子也只有约4英寸长。

But they excrete spectacular mucus structures around them—shaped almost like a neck pillow you'd bring on a plane

但它们周身分泌出惊人的黏液结构，形似你带上飞机的那种颈枕，

but with ridges⁵ and baffles running through them.

但带有隆起，而且隔板贯穿其中。

These "snot palaces," as some people actually call them, help the animals filter ocean waters for food.

这些“鼻涕宫殿”——有些人真的这样叫它——帮助它们过滤海水以获取食物。

Katija's team sent a robot diving in California's Monterey Bay to observe those mucus mansions⁶,

卡迪加的团队派机器人潜入加利福尼亚州蒙特利湾，通过向幼形虫发射激光，

as nobody appears to call them, in greater detail than ever before by shooting laser light at the larvaceans.

比以往仔细得多地观察这些“黏液宅邸”（似乎并没有人这样称呼它们）。

Those expeditions have allowed the researchers to create 3-D models—which means you'll soon be able to 3-D print your own larvacean, too, if you like.

这些探险活动使研究人员能够创造出3D模型，这意味着如果你愿意，你也能很快打印出自已的幼形虫3D模型。

And they plugged the models into a virtual reality environment...

他们将这些模型接入虚拟现实环境中。

"So that somebody can walk inside and through these filters."

“这样就有人可以走进并通过这些过滤器。”

The details and lots of images are in the journal Nature.

研究细节以及大量图片刊登在《自然》期刊上。

One application of the analysis is that engineers might someday derive⁷ inspiration from the mucus structures to design more efficient filters.

这种分析的应用之一是，工程师有朝一日能从黏液结构中获得灵感，设计出更高效的过滤器。

But there's also an element of wonder to the work as well.

但这项工作也有奇迹因素。

"I'm just really excited that we finally have the capability⁸ to observe mucus in all these different forms in the deep sea."

“我真的很兴奋，因为我们终于有能力在深海观察到各种不同形式的黏液了。”

Thanks for listening for Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。

1 miraculous   

adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的

参考例句：

• The wounded man made a miraculous recovery.伤员奇迹般地痊愈了。
• They won a miraculous victory over much stronger enemy.他们战胜了远比自己强大的敌人，赢得了非凡的胜利。

2 predators   

n.食肉动物( predator的名词复数 )；奴役他人者（尤指在财务或性关系方面）

参考例句：

• birds and their earthbound predators 鸟和地面上捕食它们的动物
• The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. 捕食性动物的眼睛能感觉到最细小的动静。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 parasites   

寄生物( parasite的名词复数 )； 靠他人为生的人； 诸虫

参考例句：

• These symptoms may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites. 这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的，而与寄生虫无关。
• Kangaroos harbor a vast range of parasites. 袋鼠身上有各种各样的寄生虫。

4 aquarium   

n.水族馆，养鱼池，玻璃缸

参考例句：

• The first time I saw seals was in an aquarium.我第一次看见海豹是在水族馆里。
• I'm going to the aquarium with my parents this Sunday.这个星期天，我要和父母一起到水族馆去。

5 ridges   

n.脊( ridge的名词复数 )；山脊；脊状突起；大气层的)高压脊

参考例句：

• The path winds along mountain ridges. 峰回路转。
• Perhaps that was the deepest truth in Ridges's nature. 在里奇斯的思想上，这大概可以算是天经地义第一条了。

6 mansions   

n.宅第，公馆，大厦( mansion的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Fifth Avenue was boarded up where the rich had deserted their mansions. 第五大道上的富翁们已经出去避暑，空出的宅第都已锁好了门窗，钉上了木板。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
• Oh, the mansions, the lights, the perfume, the loaded boudoirs and tables! 啊，那些高楼大厦、华灯、香水、藏金收银的闺房还有摆满山珍海味的餐桌！ 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

7 derive   

v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自

参考例句：

• We derive our sustenance from the land.我们从土地获取食物。
• We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。

8 capability   

n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等

参考例句：

• She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
• Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。