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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
CHAPTER 5
The Wine-shop
A LARGE cask of wine had been dropped and broken, street. The accident had happened in getting it out of a cart; the cask had tumbled out with a run, the hoops1 had burst, and it lay on the stones just outside the door of the wine-shop, shattered like a walnut-shell.
All the people within reach had suspended their business or their idleness, to run to the spot and drink the wine. The rough, irregular stones of the street, pointing every way, and designed, one might have thought, expressly to lame2 all living creatures that approached them, had dammed it into little pools; these were surrounded, each by its own jostling group or crowd, according to its size. Some men kneeled down, made scoops3 of their two hands joined, and sipped5, or tried to help women, who bent6 over their shoulders to sip4, before the wine had all run out between their fingers. Others, men and women, dipped in the puddles7 with little mugs of mutilated earthenware8, or even with handkerchiefs from women's heads, which were squeezed dry into infants mouths; others made small mud embankments, to stem the wine as it ran; others, directed by lookers-on up at high windows, darted9 here and there, to cut off little streams of wine that started away in new directions; others devoted10 themselves to the sodden11 and lee-dyed pieces of the cask licking, and even champing the moister wine-rotted fragments with eager relish12. There was no drainage to carry off the wine, and not only did it all get taken up, but so much mud got taken up along with it, that there might have been a scavenger13 in the street, if anybody acquainted with it could have believed in such a miraculous14 presence.
A shrill15 sound of laughter and of amused voices--voices of men, women, and children--resounded in the street while this wine game lasted. There was little roughness in the spot and much playfulness. There was a special companionship in it, an observable inclination17 on the part of every one to join some other one, which led, especially among the luckier or lighter-hearted, to frolicsome18 embraces, drinking of healths, shaking of hands, and even joining of hands and dancing, a dozen together. When the wine was gone, and the places where it had been most abundant were raked into a gridiron-pattern by fingers, these demonstrations19 ceased, as suddenly as they had broken out. The man who had left his saw sticking in the firewood he was cutting, set it in motion again; the woman who had left on a door-step the little pot of hot ashes, at which she had been trying to soften20 the pain in her own starved fingers and toes, or in those of her child, returned to it; men with bare arms, matted locks, and cadaverous faces, who had emerged into the winter light from cellars, moved away, to descend21 again; and a gloom gathered on the scene that appeared more natural to it than sunshine.
The wine was red wine, and had stained the ground of the narrow street in the suburb of Saint Antoine, in Paris, where it was spilled. It had stained many hands, too, and many faces, and many naked feet, and many wooden shoes. The hands of the man who sawed the wood, left red marks on the billets; and the forehead of the woman who nursed her baby, was stained with the stain of the old rag she wound about her head again. Those who had been greedy with the staves of the cask, had acquired a tigerish smear22 about the mouth; and one tall joker so besmirched23, his head more out of a long squalid bag of a night-cap than in it, scrawled24 upon a wall with his finger dipped in muddy wine-lees--BLOOD.
The time was to come, when that wine too would be spilled on the street-stones, and when the stain of it would be red upon many there.
And now that the cloud settled on Saint Antoine, which a momentary25 gleam had driven from his sacred countenance26, the darkness of it was heavy--cold, dirt, sickness, ignorance, and want, were the lords in waiting on the saintly presence--nobles of great power all of them; but, most especially the last. Samples of a people that had undergone a terrible grinding and re-grinding in the mill, and certainly not in the fabulous27 mill which ground old people young, shivered at every corner, passed in and out at every doorway28, looked from every window, fluttered in every vestige29 of a garment that the wind shock. The mill which had worked them down, was the mill that grinds young people old; the children had ancient faces and grave voices; and upon them, and upon the grown faces, and ploughed into every furrow30 of age and coming up afresh, was the sign, Hunger. It was prevalent everywhere. Hunger was pushed out of the tall houses, in the wretched clothing that hung upon poles and lines; Hunger was patched into them with straw and rag and wood and paper; Hunger was repeated in every fragment of the small modicum31 of firewood that the man sawed off; Hunger stared down from the smokeless chimneys, and started up from the filthy32 street that had no offal, among its refuse, of anything to eat. Hunger was the inscription33 on the baker34's shelves, written in every small loaf of his Scanty35 stock of bad bread; at the sausage-shop, in every dead-dog preparation that was offered for sale. Hunger rattled36 its dry bones among the roasting chestnuts37 in the turned cylinder38; Hunger was shred39 into atomies in every farthing porringer of husky chips of potato, fried with some reluctant drops of oil.
Its abiding40 place was in all things fitted to it. A narrow winding41 street, full of offence and stench, with other narrow winding streets diverging42, all peopled by rags and nightcaps, and all smelling of rags and nightcaps, and all visible things with a brooding look upon them that looked ill. In the hunted air of the people there was yet some wild-beast thought of the possibility of turning at bay. Depressed43 and slinking though they were, eyes of fire were not wanting among them; nor compressed lips, white with what they suppressed; nor foreheads knitted into the likeness44 of the gallows-rope they mused16 about enduring, or inflicting45. The trade signs (and they were almost as many as the shops) were, all, grim illustrations of Want. The butcher and the porkman painted up, only the leanest scrags of meat; the baker, the coarsest of meagre loaves. The people rudely pictured as drinking in the wine-shops, croaked46 over their scanty measures of thin wine and beer, and were gloweringly47 confidential48 together. Nothing was represented in a flourishing condition, save tools and weapons; but, the cutler's knives and axes were sharp and bright, the smith's hammers-were heavy, and the gunmaker's stock was murderous. The crippling stones of the pavement, with their many little reservoirs of mud and water, had no footways, but broke off abruptly49 at the doors. The kennel50, to make amends51, ran down the middle of the street--when it ran at all: which was only after heavy rains, and then it ran, by many eccentric fits, into the houses. Across the streets, at wide intervals52, one clumsy lamp was slung53 by a rope and pulley; at night, when the lamplighter had let these down, and lighted, and hoisted54 them again, a feeble grove55 of dim wicks swung in a sickly manner overhead, as if they were at sea. Indeed they were at sea, and the ship and crew were in peril56 of tempest.
For, the time was to come, when the gaunt scarecrows of that region should have watched the lamplighter, in their idleness and hunger, so long, as to conceive the idea of improving on his method, and hauling up men by those ropes and pulleys, to flare57 upon the darkness of their condition. But, the time was not come yet; and every wind that blew over France shook the rags of the scarecrows in vain, for the birds, fine of song and feather, took no warning.
The wine-shop was a comer shop, better than most other' in its appearance and degree, and the master of the wine shop had stood outside it, in a yellow waistcoat and green breeches, looking on at the struggle for the lost wine. `It'' not my affair,' said he, with a final shrug58 of the shoulders, `The people from the market did it. Let them bring another.
There, his eyes happening to catch the tall joker writing up his joke, he called to him across the way:
`Say, then, my Gaspard, what do you do there?'
The fellow pointed59 to his joke with immense significance as is often the way with his tribe. It missed its mark, and completely failed, as is often the way with his tribe too.
`What now? Are you a subject for the mad hospital?' said the wine-shop keeper, crossing the road, and obliterating60 the jest with a handful of mud, picked up for the purpose and smeared61 over it. `Why do you write in the public streets? Is there--tell me thou--is there no other place to write such words in?'
In his expostulation he dropped his cleaner hand (perhaps accidentally, perhaps not) upon the joker's heart. The joke rapped it with his own, took a nimble spring upward, and came down in a fantastic dancing attitude, with one of his stained shoes jerked off his foot into his hand, and held out A joker of an extremely, not to say wolfishly practical character, he looked, under those circumstances.
`Put it on, put it on,' said the other. `Call wine, wine and finish there.' With that advice, he wiped his soiled hand upon the joker's dress, such as it was--quite deliberately62, as having dirtied the hand on his account; and then re-crossed the road and entered the wine-shop.
This wine-shop keeper was a bull-necked', martial-looking man of thirty, and he should have bean of a hot temperament63, for, although it was a bitter day, he wore no coat, but carried one slung over his shoulder. His shirt-sleeves were rolled up, too, and his brown arms were bare to the elbows. Neither did he wear anything more on his head than his own crisply-curling short dark hair. He was a dark man altogether, with good eyes and a good bold breadth between them. Good-humoured looking on the whole, but implacable-looking, too; evidently a man of a strong resolution and a set purpose; a man not desirable to be met, rushing down a narrow pass with a gulf64 on either side, for nothing would turn the man.
Madame Defarge, his wife, sat in the shop behind the counter as he came in. Madame Defarge was a stout65 woman of about his own age, with a watchful66 eye that seldom seemed to look at anything, a large hand heavily ringed, a steady face, strong features, and great composure of manner. There was a character about Madame Defarge, from which one might have predicated that she did not often make mistakes against herself in any of the reckonings over which she presided. Madame Defarge being sensitive to cold, was wrapped in fur, and had a quantity of bright shawl twined about her head, though not to the concealment67 of her large earrings68. Her knitting was before her, but she had laid it down to pick her teeth with a toothpick. Thus engaged, with her right elbow supported by her left hand, Madame Defarge said nothing when her lord came in, but coughed Just one grain of cough. This, in combination with the lifting of her darkly defined eyebrows69 over her toothpick by the breadth of a line, suggested to her husband that he would do well to look round the shop among the customers, for any new customer who had dropped in while he stepped over the way.
The wine-shop keeper accordingly rolled his eyes about, until they rested upon an elderly gentleman and a young lady, who were seated in a corner. Other company were there: two playing cards, two playing dominoes, three standing70 by the counter lengthening71 out a short supply of wine. As he passed behind the counter, he took notice that the elderly gentleman said in a look to the young lady `This is our man.
`What the devil do you do in that galley72 there?' said Monsieur Defarge to himself; `I don't know you.'
But, he feigned73 not to notice the two strangers, and fell into discourse74 with the triumvirate of customers who were drinking at the counter.
`How goes it, Jacques?' said one of these three to Monsieur Defarge. `Is all the spilt wine swallowed?'
`Every drop, Jacques,' answered Monsieur Defarge.
When this interchange of christian75 name was effected. Madame Defarge, picking her teeth with her toothpick coughed another grain of cough, and raised her eyebrows by the breadth of another line.
`It is not often,' said the second of the three, addressing Monsieur Defarge, `that many of these miserable76 beasts know the taste of wine, or of anything but black bread and death. Is it not so, Jacques?'
`It is so, Jacques,' Monsieur Defarge returned.
At this second interchange of the christian name, Madame Defarge, still using her toothpick with profound composure, coughed another grain of cough, and raised her eyebrows by the breadth of another line.
The last of the three now said his say, as he put down his empty drinking vessel77 and smacked78 his lips.
`Ah! So much the worse! A bitter taste it is that such poor cattle always have in their mouths, and hard lives they live, Jacques. Am I right, Jacques?'
`You are right, Jacques,' was the response of Monsieur Defarge.
This third interchange of the christian name was completed at the moment when Madame Defarge put her toothpick by, kept her eyebrows up, and slightly rustled79 in her seat.
`Hold then! True!' muttered her husband. `Gentlemen--my wife!'
The three customers pulled off their hats to Madame Defarge, with three flourishes. She acknowledged their homage80 by bending her head, and giving them a quick look. Then she glanced in a casual manner round the wine-shop, took up her knitting with great apparent calmness and repose81 of spirit, and became absorbed in it.
`Gentlemen,' said her husband, who had kept his bright eye observantly upon her, `good day. The chamber82, furnished bachelor-fashion, that you wished to see, and `were inquiring for when I stepped out, is on the fifth floor. The doorway of the staircase gives on the little court-yard close to the left here,' pointing with his hand, `near to the window of my establishment. But, now that I remember, one of you has already been there, and can show the way. Gentlemen, adieu!
They paid for their wine, and left the place. The eyes of Monsieur Defarge were studying his wife at her knitting when the elderly gentleman advanced from his corner, and begged the favour of a word.
`Willingly, sir,' said Monsieur Defarge, and quietly stepped with him to the door.
Their conference was very short, but very decided83. Almost at the first word, Monsieur Defarge started and became deeply attentive84. It had not lasted a minute, when he nodded and went out. The gentleman then beckoned85 to the young lady, and they, too, went out. Madame Defarge knitted with nimble fingers and steady eyebrows, and saw nothing.
Mr. Jarvis Lorry and Miss Manette, emerging from the wine-shop thus, joined Monsieur Defarge in the doorway to which he had directed his other company just before. It opened from a stinking86 little black court-yard, and was the general public entrance to a great pile of houses, inhabited by a great number of people. In the gloomy tile-paved entry to the gloomy tile-paved staircase, Monsieur Defarge bent down on one knee to the child of his old master, and put her hand to his lips. It was a gentle action, but not at all gently done; a very remarkable87 transformation88 had come over him in a few seconds. He had no good-humour in his face, nor any openness of aspect left, but had become a secret, angry, dangerous man.
`It is very high; it is a little difficult. Better to begin slowly.' Thus, Monsieur Defarge, in a stern voice, to Mr. Lorry, as they began ascending89 the stairs.
`Is he alone?' the latter whispered.
`Alone! God help him, who should be with him?' said the other, in the same low voice.
`Is he, always alone, then?'
`Yes.
`Of his own desire?'
`Of his own necessity. As he was, when I first saw him after they found me and demanded to know if I would take him, and, at my peril be discreet--has he was then, so he is now.
`He is greatly changed?'
`Changed!'
The keeper of the wine-shop stopped to strike the wall with his hand, and mutter a tremendous curse. No direct answer could have been half so forcible. Mr. Lorry's spirits grew heavier and heavier, as he and his two companions ascended90 higher and higher.
Such a staircase, with its accessories, in the older and more crowded parts of Paris, would be bad enough now; but, at that time, it was vile91 indeed to unaccustomed and unhardened senses. Every little habitation within the great foul92 nest of one high building--that is to say, the room or rooms within every door that opened on the general staircase--left its own heap of refuse on its own landing, besides Ringing other refuse from its own windows. The uncontrollable and hopeless mass of decomposition93 so engendered94, would have polluted the air, even if poverty and deprivation95 had not loaded it wit!' their intangible impurities96; the Mo bad sources combined made it almost insupportable. Through such an atmosphere, by a steep dark shaft97 of dirt and poison, the way lay. Yielding to his own disturbance98 of mind, and to his young companion's agitation99, which became greater every instant, Mr. Jarvis Lorry twice stopped to rest. Each of these stoppages was made at a doleful grating, by which any languishing100 good airs that were left uncorrupted seemed to escape, and all spoilt and sickly vapours seemed to crawl in. Through the rusted101 bars, tastes, rather than glimpses, were caught of the jumbled102 neighbourhood; and nothing within range, nearer or lower than the summits of the two-great towers of Notre-Dame, had any promise on it of healthy life or wholesome103 aspirations104.
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1
hoops
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| n.箍( hoop的名词复数 )；（篮球）篮圈；（旧时儿童玩的）大环子；（两端埋在地里的）小铁弓 | |
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lame
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| adj.跛的，(辩解、论据等)无说服力的 | |
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scoops
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| n.小铲( scoop的名词复数 )；小勺；一勺[铲]之量；（抢先刊载、播出的）独家新闻v.抢先报道( scoop的第三人称单数 )；（敏捷地）抱起；抢先获得；用铲[勺]等挖（洞等） | |
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sip
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| v.小口地喝，抿，呷；n.一小口的量 | |
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sipped
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| v.小口喝，呷，抿( sip的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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puddles
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| n.水坑， （尤指道路上的）雨水坑( puddle的名词复数 ) | |
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earthenware
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| n.土器，陶器 | |
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darted
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| v.投掷，投射( dart的过去式和过去分词 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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sodden
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| adj.浑身湿透的；v.使浸透；使呆头呆脑 | |
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relish
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| n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味 | |
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scavenger
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| n.以腐尸为食的动物，清扫工 | |
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miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
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shrill
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| adj.尖声的；刺耳的；v尖叫 | |
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mused
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的过去式和过去分词 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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frolicsome
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| adj.嬉戏的，闹着玩的 | |
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demonstrations
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| 证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威 | |
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soften
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| v.(使)变柔软；(使)变柔和 | |
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descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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smear
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| v.涂抹；诽谤，玷污；n.污点；诽谤，污蔑 | |
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besmirched
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| v.弄脏( besmirch的过去式和过去分词 )；玷污；丑化；糟蹋（名誉等） | |
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scrawled
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| 乱涂，潦草地写( scrawl的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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momentary
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| adj.片刻的，瞬息的；短暂的 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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fabulous
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| adj.极好的；极为巨大的；寓言中的，传说中的 | |
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doorway
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| n.门口，(喻)入门；门路，途径 | |
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vestige
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| n.痕迹，遗迹，残余 | |
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furrow
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| n.沟；垄沟；轨迹；车辙；皱纹 | |
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modicum
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| n.少量，一小份 | |
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filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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inscription
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| n.（尤指石块上的）刻印文字，铭文，碑文 | |
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baker
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| n.面包师 | |
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scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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rattled
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| 慌乱的，恼火的 | |
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chestnuts
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| n.栗子( chestnut的名词复数 )；栗色；栗树；栗色马 | |
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38
cylinder
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| n.圆筒，柱(面)，汽缸 | |
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39
shred
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| v.撕成碎片，变成碎片；n.碎布条，细片，些少 | |
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40
abiding
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| adj.永久的，持久的，不变的 | |
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41
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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42
diverging
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| 分开( diverge的现在分词 )； 偏离； 分歧； 分道扬镳 | |
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43
depressed
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| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
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44
likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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45
inflicting
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的现在分词 ) | |
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46
croaked
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| v.呱呱地叫( croak的过去式和过去分词 )；用粗的声音说 | |
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47
gloweringly
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| adv.glower（沉着脸，怒视，凝视；皱眉，怒视，怒容；皱眉头）的变形 | |
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48
confidential
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| adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的 | |
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49
abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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50
kennel
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| n.狗舍，狗窝 | |
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51
amends
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| n. 赔偿 | |
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52
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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53
slung
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| 抛( sling的过去式和过去分词 )； 吊挂； 遣送； 押往 | |
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54
hoisted
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| 把…吊起，升起( hoist的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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55
grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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56
peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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57
flare
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| v.闪耀，闪烁；n.潮红；突发 | |
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58
shrug
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| v.耸肩(表示怀疑、冷漠、不知等) | |
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59
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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60
obliterating
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| v.除去( obliterate的现在分词 )；涂去；擦掉；彻底破坏或毁灭 | |
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61
smeared
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| 弄脏； 玷污； 涂抹； 擦上 | |
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62
deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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63
temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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64
gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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65
stout
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| adj.强壮的，粗大的，结实的，勇猛的，矮胖的 | |
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66
watchful
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| adj.注意的，警惕的 | |
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67
concealment
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| n.隐藏, 掩盖，隐瞒 | |
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68
earrings
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| n.耳环( earring的名词复数 )；耳坠子 | |
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69
eyebrows
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| 眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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70
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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71
lengthening
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| （时间或空间）延长，伸长( lengthen的现在分词 )； 加长 | |
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72
galley
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| n.（飞机或船上的）厨房单层甲板大帆船；军舰舰长用的大划艇； | |
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73
feigned
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| a.假装的，不真诚的 | |
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74
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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75
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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76
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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77
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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78
smacked
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| 拍，打，掴( smack的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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79
rustled
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| v.发出沙沙的声音( rustle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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80
homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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81
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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82
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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83
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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84
attentive
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| adj.注意的，专心的；关心(别人)的，殷勤的 | |
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85
beckoned
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| v.（用头或手的动作）示意，召唤( beckon的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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86
stinking
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| adj.臭的，烂醉的，讨厌的v.散发出恶臭( stink的现在分词 )；发臭味；名声臭；糟透 | |
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87
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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88
transformation
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| n.变化；改造；转变 | |
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89
ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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90
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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91
vile
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| adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的 | |
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92
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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93
decomposition
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| n. 分解, 腐烂, 崩溃 | |
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94
engendered
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| v.产生（某形势或状况），造成，引起( engender的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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95
deprivation
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| n.匮乏；丧失；夺去，贫困 | |
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96
impurities
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| 不纯( impurity的名词复数 )； 不洁； 淫秽； 杂质 | |
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97
shaft
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| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
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98
disturbance
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| n.动乱，骚动；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调 | |
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99
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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100
languishing
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| a. 衰弱下去的 | |
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101
rusted
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| v.（使）生锈( rust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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102
jumbled
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| adj.混乱的；杂乱的 | |
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103
wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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104
aspirations
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| 强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音 | |
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