时差N小时 你对高原反应了解多少?(上)

Anyone who has vacationed in the higher elevations¹ of Colorado, such as Vail and Estes Park, will tell you altitude sickness can be a real problem.

任何在科罗拉多的高海拔地区，如韦尔和洛杉矶国家公园等旅游胜地度过假的人都会告诉你，高原反应真的是个很棘手的问题。

Loss of appetite, nausea², vomiting³, weakness, dizziness, and difficulty sleeping can plague those visiting areas over eight thousand feet.

食欲不振，恶心，呕吐，虚弱，头晕，睡眠困难等症状可能会困扰着那些在海拔超过8000英尺区域的游客。

Altitude sickness results from the lack of oxygen at high elevations.

高原反应是由于高海拔地区缺氧造成的。

At thirteen thousand feet, every lungful of air holds only sixty percent of what it would at sea level.

在1.3万英尺的高处，每一次呼吸所含的空气仅相当于海平面的60%。

Despite that fact, many indigenous⁴ people live in areas of low oxygen concentration with few adverse⁵ effects.

尽管如此，许多生活在低氧地区的原居民很少出现不良反应。

The big question is, how do they survive?

那么问题是，他们是如何存活的？

The body can adapt to low oxygen levels by making more hemoglobin, an oxygen-carrying molecule⁶ in red blood cells.

人体通过制造更多的血红蛋白来适应低氧环境，血红蛋白是红细胞的氧气载体。

But too much hemoglobin over a long period of time can put a person at risk of blood clots⁷, stroke, or chronic⁸ mountain sickness.

但是长时间摄入过多的血红蛋白会使人产生血栓、中风或慢性高原反应的危险。

1 elevations   

（水平或数量）提高( elevation的名词复数 )； 高地； 海拔； 提升

参考例句：

• Weight of the crust changes as elevations are eroded and materials are deposited elsewhere. 当高地受到侵蚀，物质沉积到别的地方时，地壳的重量就改变。
• All deck elevations are on the top of structural beams. 所有甲板标高线均指结构梁顶线。

2 nausea   

n.作呕，恶心；极端的憎恶(或厌恶)

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕期常有恶心的现象。
• He experienced nausea after eating octopus.吃了章鱼后他感到恶心。

3 vomiting   

吐

参考例句：

• Symptoms include diarrhoea and vomiting. 症状有腹泻和呕吐。
• Especially when I feel seasick, I can't stand watching someone else vomiting." 尤其晕船的时候，看不得人家呕。”

4 indigenous   

adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的

参考例句：

• Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.每个国家都有自己本土的文化传统。
• Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.印第安人是美洲的土著居民。

5 adverse   

adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的

参考例句：

• He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
• The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。

6 molecule   

n.分子，克分子

参考例句：

• A molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hygrogen and one atom of oxygen.一个水分子是由P妈̬f婘̬ 妈̬成的。
• This gives us the structural formula of the molecule.这种方式给出了分子的结构式。

7 clots   

n.凝块( clot的名词复数 )；血块；蠢人；傻瓜v.凝固( clot的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• When you cut yourself, blood clots and forms a scab. 你割破了，血会凝固、结痂。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Milk clots when it turns sour. 奶变酸就凝块。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

8 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。