时差N小时 如何制作陨石坑?(下)

Now have a young person drop rocks onto the moonscape.

现在，让一位年轻人往“月球表面”上扔石头。

When it hits, the energy of the falling rock is transferred to the powdery surface, and voila! Impact crater¹.

当石头撞击表面时，石头下落的势能会在粉状表面转化成撞击力，瞧！陨石坑出现了。

Instead of just doing it at random², though, have your young person drop one rock from a height of two feet, another from four feet, and another from six feet.

不要随意地投掷石头，先从两英尺的高度往下扔，然后再从四英尺的高度扔，最后从六英尺的高度再扔一次。

You’ll find that the craters³ change shape depending on the energy of the incoming meteorite⁴.

你会发现，陨石坑的形状会随着陨石的势能而改变。

Higher-energy impacts make wider craters, with debris⁵ shooting out from their centers in what are called “rays.”

能量越大，形成的陨石坑就越大，陨石坑中心受到撞击后碎片如射线般四处飞溅。

Smaller ones look like little volcanoes. Throwing a stone at an angle makes an oblong crater.

较小的陨石坑看起来像小火山。以倾斜的角度扔石头会形成椭圆形的陨石坑。

Afterward⁶, take a look at the moon again through binoculars⁷ when it rises.

以后等月亮升起时，再用望远镜仔细观察。

You may have a better sense of what all those pock-marks really are!

你可能就会对月球上的这些“凹坑”有更深刻的认识了。

1 crater   

n.火山口，弹坑

参考例句：

• With a telescope you can see the huge crater of Ve-suvius.用望远镜你能看到巨大的维苏威火山口。
• They came to the lip of a dead crater.他们来到了一个死火山口。

2 random   

adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动

参考例句：

• The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。

3 craters   

n.火山口( crater的名词复数 )；弹坑等

参考例句：

• Small meteorites have left impact craters all over the planet's surface. 这个行星的表面布满了小块陨石留下的撞击坑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The battlefield was full of craters made by exploding shells. 战场上布满弹坑。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

4 meteorite   

n.陨石；流星

参考例句：

• The meteorite in Jilin Exhibition Hall is believed to be the largest in the world.吉林展览馆的陨石被认为是世界上最大的。
• The famous Murchison meteorite smashed into the Australian ground in 1969.1969年著名的默奇森陨石轰然坠落在澳大利亚。

5 debris   

n.瓦砾堆，废墟，碎片

参考例句：

• After the bombing there was a lot of debris everywhere.轰炸之后到处瓦砾成堆。
• Bacteria sticks to food debris in the teeth,causing decay.细菌附着在牙缝中的食物残渣上，导致蛀牙。

6 afterward   

adv.后来；以后

参考例句：

• Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterward. 让我们先去看戏，然后吃饭。
• Afterward,the boy became a very famous artist.后来，这男孩成为一个很有名的艺术家。

7 binoculars   

n.双筒望远镜

参考例句：

• He watched the play through his binoculars.他用双筒望远镜看戏。
• If I had binoculars,I could see that comet clearly.如果我有望远镜，我就可以清楚地看见那颗彗星。