时差N小时 关于天花你了解多少(上)

In Shakespeare's day, wishing a pox on someone was a terrible curse.

在莎士比亚时代，希望别人得天花是非常恶毒的诅咒。

Ten percent of the population in 17th century London died gruesomely of smallpox¹, a virus spread easily by airborne particles or contaminated clothing.

在17世纪的伦敦，有一成的人死于天花,这种病毒可通过空气和被感染的衣物进行传播。

Infection began with fever, aches, sneezing, and nausea².

感染后会逐渐出现发烧、疼痛、打喷嚏和恶心的症状。

Soon a rash of red dots appeared, often covering the skin with dripping scabs.

不久就会出现红色斑丘疹，通常为覆盖在皮肤上的滴痂。

Though some recovered, people could become blind, deaf, or severely³ scarred from smallpox.

尽管有人病愈，但是他们也会因此失聪、失明或留下严重的伤疤。

None of the physicians' attempts to treat smallpox with sheep manure⁴ or a golden needle helped at all.

当时，所有的内科医生尝试用羊粪或金针治疗天花，但是毫无作用。

But European peasants and traditional healers in Africa and Asia had discovered that exposure to a very small dose of the virus offered some protection.

不过，欧洲农民和非洲及亚洲的传统医师发现，摄入极少量天花病毒能让人体具备一定的免疫功能。

Traditional healers inoculated⁵ scratches in the skin with a small amount of pus infected with smallpox.

传统医师通过给健康人士注射天花患者的少量脓液进行预防接种。

1 smallpox   

n.天花

参考例句：

• In 1742 he suffered a fatal attack of smallpox.1742年，他染上了致命的天花。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child?你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

2 nausea   

n.作呕，恶心；极端的憎恶(或厌恶)

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕期常有恶心的现象。
• He experienced nausea after eating octopus.吃了章鱼后他感到恶心。

3 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

4 manure   

n.粪，肥，肥粒；vt.施肥

参考例句：

• The farmers were distributing manure over the field.农民们正在田间施肥。
• The farmers used manure to keep up the fertility of their land.农夫们用粪保持其土质的肥沃。

5 inoculated   

v.给…做预防注射( inoculate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• A pedigree pup should have been inoculated against serious diseases before it's sold. 纯种狗应该在出售前注射预防严重疾病的针。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Disease can be spread by dirty tools, insects, inoculated soil. 疾病也能由不干净的工具，昆虫，接种的土壤传播。 来自辞典例句