时差N小时 你的手上有老茧吗?(下)

The outermost¹ is a layer of hardened, dead cells.

表层是一些坏死的硬细胞，

This top layer is usually about twenty-five cells thick, and it constantly replaces itself as the outermost cells flake² off to be replaced by new hardened, dead cells underneath³.

通常有25个细胞那么厚，表层细胞不断的脱落，取而代之的是下层硬的坏死细胞，由此而完成自我更替过程。

If your skin is subject to an unusual amount of friction⁴, this layer of dead cells increases.

假如皮肤受到不寻常量的摩擦，这层坏死细胞将会增加，

New dead cells are added faster than the old ones slough⁵ away.

新的坏死细胞增长速度比旧细胞脱落的速度快，

This can build up the outer layer from twenty-five cells thick to over a hundred cells thick.

这就致使皮肤表层的厚度增加到100个细胞那么厚，

You've grown a callus.

由此，老茧便形成。

While calluses are generally useful, if the process continues unchecked a callus can thicken into a cone-shaped structure called a corn.

虽然一般来讲，茧是有益的，但如不控制其过程，老茧厚度就会增加到被称作鸡眼的锥形结构，

These super calluses can be quite painful, and may require the attention of a doctor.

那样就会很疼，甚至需要去看医生。

1 outermost   

adj.最外面的，远离中心的

参考例句：

• He fired and hit the outermost ring of the target.他开枪射中了靶子的最外一环。
• The outermost electron is shielded from the nucleus.原子核对最外层电子的作用受到屏蔽。

2 flake   

v.使成薄片；雪片般落下；n.薄片

参考例句：

• Drain the salmon,discard the skin,crush the bones and flake the salmon with a fork.将鲑鱼沥干，去表皮，粉碎鱼骨并用餐叉子将鱼肉切成小薄片状。
• The paint's beginning to flake.油漆开始剥落了。

3 underneath   

adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面

参考例句：

• Working underneath the car is always a messy job.在汽车底下工作是件脏活。
• She wore a coat with a dress underneath.她穿着一件大衣，里面套着一条连衣裙。

4 friction   

n.摩擦，摩擦力

参考例句：

• When Joan returned to work,the friction between them increased.琼回来工作后，他们之间的摩擦加剧了。
• Friction acts on moving bodies and brings them to a stop.摩擦力作用于运动着的物体，并使其停止。

5 slough   

v.蜕皮，脱落，抛弃

参考例句：

• He was not able to slough off the memories of the past.他无法忘记过去。
• A cicada throws its slough.蝉是要蜕皮的。