时代周刊:美国的分裂(5)

Biden was buoyed¹ by a vast grassroots movement: the Trump² era has seen a frenzy³ of political action, with thousands of newly motivated activists⁴ leading local political groups. Middle-class women gathered their Facebook friends to drink wine and make canvassing⁵ phone calls; disaffected⁶ Republicans waged a multimillion-dollar campaign to mobilize their peers. A weak fundraiser who ended the primary essentially⁷ broke, Biden shattered general-election fundraising records—his campaign hauled in $952 million, dwarfing⁸ the incumbent⁹ by more than $300 million—as liberals showered donations on him and the party's congressional candidates.

拜登受到了一场大规模草根运动的支持：特朗普时代出现了疯狂的政治行动，数千名新加入的积极分子领导着当地的政治团体。中产阶级女性把她们在脸书上的朋友聚在一起，喝着红酒，打着游说电话；心怀不满的共和党人发起了一场数百万美元的竞选活动来动员他们的同僚。初选结束时拜登的资金筹集能力很弱，但他却打破了大选筹款记录——他的竞选活动筹集了9.52亿美元，比现任总统多出了3亿多美元，自由派给他和该党的国会候选人提供了大量捐款。

But Trump had his own army of enthusiastic supporters. His massive rallies—held at cavernous airport hangars and sports arenas¹⁰ with no social distancing and limited mask wearing—were not just aimed at flattering Trump's ego¹¹ or creating images of enthusiastic throngs¹² for local and national media. Republican National Committee (RNC) teams perched outside each event, registering new voters and creating a database of supporters. "People sometimes poohpooh the rallies and say there's really no campaign structural¹³ benefit to them," says Brian Ballard, a Republican lobbyist with close ties to Trump. But they allowed the campaign to "utilize¹⁴ the crowds that not only go, but the crowds that registered to go, and sometimes that number is five times the amount of folks that actually show up."

不过特朗普也有自己的热情支持者大军。他在空旷的机场飞机库和运动场举行的大型集会，没有安全社交距离，也不戴口罩，其目的不仅仅是为了讨好特朗普的自尊，同时也为当地和全国媒体制造狂热人群的形象。共和党全国委员会(RNC)的团队在每一场活动的外面都站着，登记新选民并创建支持者数据库。与特朗普关系密切的共和党游说者布莱恩·巴拉德表示：“人们有时对集会嗤之以鼻，说他们没有获得竞选结构效益。”但他们允许竞选活动“利用不仅去了的人群，还有注册去的人群，有时这个数字是实际到场人数的五倍。”

Trump's campaign also kept up its feld-organizing program through the summer, while Biden's team hung back out of safety concerns. The joint¹⁵ feld program between the RNC and the Trump campaign boasted 2.6 million volunteers, according to figures provided by the RNC. They made more than 182 million voter contacts—more than fve times what they did in 2016—and added nearly 174,000 new GOP voters to the rolls. Early voter-registration fgures in Florida, North Carolina and other states showed that Republicans had "essentially neutralized¹⁶ what had been a Democrat¹⁷ advantage" by mobilizing new voters, says John Podesta, who ran Clinton's failed 2016 presidential bid.

特朗普的竞选团队整个夏天都在组织菲尔德项目，而拜登的团队则出于安全考虑退缩了。据共和党全国委员会提供的数据称，共和党全国委员会和特朗普竞选团队之间的联合菲尔德项目号称有260万志愿者。他们进行了超过1.82亿次选民接触，是2016年的五倍还多，并为共和党增加了近17.4万名新选民。约翰·波德斯塔表示，根据佛罗里达州、北卡罗来纳州和其他州的早期选民登记数据显示，共和党人动员了新选民，“基本上抵消了民主党的一个优势”。波德斯塔曾参与克林顿2016年的总统竞选，但最终以失败告终。

1 buoyed   

v.使浮起( buoy的过去式和过去分词 )；支持；为…设浮标；振奋…的精神

参考例句：

• Buoyed by their win yesterday the team feel confident of further success. 在昨天胜利的鼓舞下，该队有信心再次获胜。
• His encouragement buoyed her up during that difficult period. 他的鼓励使她在那段困难时期恢复了乐观的情绪。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 frenzy   

n.疯狂，狂热，极度的激动

参考例句：

• He was able to work the young students up into a frenzy.他能激起青年学生的狂热。
• They were singing in a frenzy of joy.他们欣喜若狂地高声歌唱。

4 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 canvassing   

v.（在政治方面）游说( canvass的现在分词 )；调查（如选举前选民的）意见；为讨论而提出（意见等）；详细检查

参考例句：

• He spent the whole month canvassing for votes. 他花了整整一个月四处游说拉选票。
• I'm canvassing for the Conservative Party. 我在为保守党拉选票。 来自辞典例句

6 disaffected   

adj.（政治上）不满的，叛离的

参考例句：

• He attracts disaffected voters.他吸引了心怀不满的选民们。
• Environmental issues provided a rallying point for people disaffected with the government.环境问题把对政府不满的人们凝聚了起来。

7 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

8 dwarfing   

n.矮化病

参考例句：

• In the Northwest, they are being planted by hedgerow on seedling roots, clonal and dwarfing stocks. 在西北部地区用灌木树篱把它接在实生砧、无性砧及矮化砧上。 来自辞典例句
• In the Northwest, they are being planted by hedgrow on seedling roots, clonal and dwarfing stocks. 在西北部地区把它接在实生砧、无性砧及矮化砧上。 来自辞典例句

9 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。

10 arenas   

表演场地( arena的名词复数 )； 竞技场； 活动或斗争的场所或场面； 圆形运动场

参考例句：

• Demolition derbies are large-scale automobile rodeos that take place in big arenas. 撞车比赛指的是在很大的竞技场上举行的大型汽车驾驶技术表演。
• Are there areas of privacy in the most public of arenas? 在绝大部分公开的场合中存在需要保护隐私的领域吗？

11 ego   

n.自我，自己，自尊

参考例句：

• He is absolute ego in all thing.在所有的事情上他都绝对自我。
• She has been on an ego trip since she sang on television.她上电视台唱过歌之后就一直自吹自擂。

12 throngs   

n.人群( throng的名词复数 )v.成群，挤满( throng的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• She muscled through the throngs of people, frantically searching for David. 她使劲挤过人群，拼命寻找戴维。 来自辞典例句
• Our friends threaded their way slowly through the throngs upon the Bridge. 我们这两位朋友在桥上从人群中穿过，慢慢地往前走。 来自辞典例句

13 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

14 utilize   

vt.使用，利用

参考例句：

• The cook will utilize the leftover ham bone to make soup.厨师要用吃剩的猪腿骨做汤。
• You must utilize all available resources.你必须利用一切可以得到的资源。

15 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

16 neutralized   

v.使失效( neutralize的过去式和过去分词 )；抵消；中和；使（一个国家）中立化

参考例句：

• Acidity in soil can be neutralized by spreading lime on it. 土壤的酸性可以通过在它上面撒石灰来中和。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This strategy effectively neutralized what the Conservatives had hoped would be a vote-winner. 这一策略有效地冲淡了保守党希望在选举中获胜的心态。 来自《简明英汉词典》

17 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。