时代周刊:新冠病毒如何影响下一代医生(2)

The foundations of the American medical-education system haven't changed much for decades.

美国医学教育体系的基础几十年来并没有发生多大的变化。

The first two years are a mad rush to attend lectures and memorize as much information as humanly possible, as students usually take the first part of their medical licensing¹ exam after their second year of school.

因为学生们二年级之后通常要参加行医执照考试的第一部分，所以他们前两年会疯狂赶去听课并尽可能记住更多的信息。

Students start clinical rotations² in hospitals in their third year, then spend most of their fourth trying to find a match for their next phase of training: medical residency.

三年级时他们开始在医院进行临床轮转。之后四年级的大部分时间里他们会试图为自己下一阶段的培训——住院医师培训——找到匹配人选。

The pandemic upended all that last spring. Classes could no longer happen in person, let alone in large lecture halls.

去年春天爆发的新冠彻底颠覆了这一切。他们再也无法亲自去上课，更不用说在大教室里上课了。

Students couldn't go to hospitals for training because facilities needed to conserve³ resources, including personal protective equipment.

学生们不能去医院接受培训，因为需要保存资源的设施，包括个人防护装备。

And travel restrictions⁴ made it difficult for fourth-year students to do "audition⁵ rotations" at hospitals where they hoped to complete residency.

此外，由于旅行限制，四年级学生很难在希望完成住院实习的医院进行“试镜轮换”。

Fiona Chen, who was in her third year at Brown University's Warren Alpert Medical School this past spring,

菲奥娜·陈今年春天在布朗大学沃伦·阿尔珀特医学院读三年级，

went from spending around 40 hours a week in the clinic to watching a weekly Zoom⁶ lecture and volunteering for a corona⁷ virus information hotline.

她从每周在诊所呆大约40个小时，变成了每周观看Zoom讲座，并自愿为一个冠状病毒信息热线服务。

"We basically put a pause on our entire lives," she says.

“我们的整个生活基本上暂停了，”她说。

They couldn't stay paused forever. Schools had no choice but to adapt, which for many opened the door to overdue⁸ changes—changes that are coming in handy with COVID-19 again surging and new lockdowns being enacted⁹.

他们不可能永远止步不前。学校别无选择，只能适应，对许多人来说，这为姗姗来迟的改变打开了大门——随着新冠感染人数再次激增，新的封锁正在实施，这些改变将派上用场。

"A lot of the inertia¹⁰ and conventions of medicine are being broken down," says William Jeffries, vice¹¹ dean for medical education at the Geisinger Commonwealth¹² School of Medicine in Pennsylvania.

宾夕法尼亚州盖辛格联邦医学院负责医学教育的副院长威廉·杰弗里斯说：“医学的许多习惯和惯例正在被打破。”

"Advances in medical education are now happening at light speed."

“医学教育正在以光速发展。”

Although some students returned to the classroom later in the year, Step 1 last spring was bringing traditional classes online—a fairly easy task for most schools in the developed world,

尽管一些学生在今年晚些时候重返课堂，但第一步是在去年春天将传统课堂引入网络——这对大多数发达国家的学校来说是相当容易的任务，

albeit¹³ less so for schools in places like Southeast Asia and Africa, where Internet access is spottier.

但对互联网接入不稳定的东南亚和非洲等地的学校来说就不那么容易了。

In developed nations, at least, the shift enabled schools to look critically at the way they were teaching before the pandemic.

至少在发达国家，这种转变使学校能够以批判性的眼光审视疫情爆发前的教学方式。

Kaiser's pre-existing plan to teach anatomy¹⁴ using virtual reality simulators, rather than cadavers¹⁵, proved fortuitous.

凯泽之前的计划是使用虚拟现实模拟器而不是尸体来教授解剖学，这被证明纯属巧合。

Imperial College London gave students access to a video library of old patient interviews and exams.

伦敦帝国理工学院为学生提供了一个视频图书馆，里面有老病人的采访和考试。

At New York University's Grossman School of Medicine, professors began recording¹⁶ their lectures so students could watch in advance and use class time for livelier discussion.

在纽约大学格罗斯曼医学院，教授们开始把讲课内容录下来，这样学生们就可以提前观看并利用上课时间进行更生动的讨论。

"Lectures have been fading as a useful didactic model for 10 years, but we continue to use them," says Dr. Steven Abramson, NYU's vice dean for education, faculty¹⁷ and academic affairs.

纽约大学负责教育、教师和学术事务的副院长史蒂文·艾布拉姆森博士说：“讲座作为一种有用的教学模式已经消失了10年，但我们仍在继续使用。”

The pandemic may finally catalyze¹⁸ lasting¹⁹ change.

新冠最终可能会促成持久的变革。

1 licensing   

v.批准，许可，颁发执照( license的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句

2 rotations   

旋转( rotation的名词复数 )； 转动； 轮流； 轮换

参考例句：

• Farmers traditionally used long-term rotations of hay, pasture, and corn. 农民以往长期实行干草、牧草和玉米轮作。
• The crankshaft makes three rotations for each rotation of the rotor. 转子每转一周，曲轴转3周。

3 conserve   

vt.保存，保护，节约，节省，守恒，不灭

参考例句：

• He writes on both sides of the sheet to conserve paper.他在纸张的两面都写字以节省用纸。
• Conserve your energy,you'll need it!保存你的精力，你会用得着的！

4 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

5 audition   

n.(对志愿艺人等的)面试(指试读、试唱等)

参考例句：

• I'm going to the audition but I don't expect I'll get a part.我去试音，可并不指望会给我个角色演出。
• At first,they said he was too young,but later they called him for an audition.起初，他们说他太小，但后来他们叫他去试听。

6 zoom   

n.急速上升；v.突然扩大，急速上升

参考例句：

• The airplane's zoom carried it above the clouds.飞机的陡直上升使它飞到云层之上。
• I live near an airport and the zoom of passing planes can be heard night and day.我住在一个飞机场附近，昼夜都能听到飞机飞过的嗡嗡声。

7 corona   

n.日冕

参考例句：

• The corona gains and loses energy continuously.日冕总是不断地获得能量和损失能量。
• The corona is a brilliant,pearly white,filmy light,about as bright as the full moon.光环带是一种灿烂的珠白色朦胧光，几乎像满月一样明亮。

8 overdue   

adj.过期的，到期未付的；早该有的，迟到的

参考例句：

• The plane is overdue and has been delayed by the bad weather.飞机晚点了，被坏天气耽搁了。
• The landlady is angry because the rent is overdue.女房东生气了，因为房租过期未付。

9 enacted   

制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• legislation enacted by parliament 由议会通过的法律
• Outside in the little lobby another scene was begin enacted. 外面的小休息室里又是另一番景象。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

10 inertia   

adj.惰性，惯性，懒惰，迟钝

参考例句：

• We had a feeling of inertia in the afternoon.下午我们感觉很懒。
• Inertia carried the plane onto the ground.飞机靠惯性着陆。

11 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

12 commonwealth   

n.共和国，联邦，共同体

参考例句：

• He is the chairman of the commonwealth of artists.他是艺术家协会的主席。
• Most of the members of the Commonwealth are nonwhite.英联邦的许多成员国不是白人国家。

13 albeit   

conj.即使；纵使；虽然

参考例句：

• Albeit fictional,she seemed to have resolved the problem.虽然是虚构的，但是在她看来好象是解决了问题。
• Albeit he has failed twice,he is not discouraged.虽然失败了两次，但他并没有气馁。

14 anatomy   

n.解剖学，解剖；功能，结构，组织

参考例句：

• He found out a great deal about the anatomy of animals.在动物解剖学方面，他有过许多发现。
• The hurricane's anatomy was powerful and complex.对飓风的剖析是一项庞大而复杂的工作。

15 cadavers   

n.尸体( cadaver的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Human cadavers were the only known source of hGH, and demand was intense. 人类尸体是hGH已知的惟一来源，而且需求广泛。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 口蹄疫疯牛病
• Will there be enough cadavers for each group this term? 这个学期每一个组都有足够的尸体吗？ 来自电影对白

16 recording   

n.录音，记录

参考例句：

• How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？
• I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。

17 faculty   

n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员

参考例句：

• He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
• He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。

18 catalyze   

v.催化

参考例句：

• They are highly specific for the reactions that they catalyze.它们对被它们催化的反应有很强的专一性。
• They are highly specific for the reactions that they catalyze.它们对被它们催化的反应有很强的专一性。

19 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。