时代周刊:揭秘拯救2020年大选的"影子运动秘史"(9)

The most important takeaway from Quinn's research, however, was that engaging with toxic¹ content only made it worse.

然而，奎因的研究中最重要的结论是，接触不良内容只会让情况变得更糟。

"When you get attacked, the instinct is to push back, call it out, say, 'This isn't true,'" Quinn says.

奎因说：“当你受到攻击时，本能的反应是反击，大声地叫出来，说'这不是真的’。

"But the more engagement something gets, the more the platforms boost it. The algorithm reads that as, 'Oh, this is popular; people want more of it.'"

“但参与度越高，平台就越能推动它的发展。算法的解读是，‘哦，这个很流行，人们想要更多。’”

The solution, she concluded, was to pressure platforms to enforce their rules, both by removing content or accounts that spread disinformation and by more aggressively policing it in the first place.

她得出的结论是，解决方案是向平台施加压力，迫使它们执行自己的规定，既可以删除传播虚假信息的内容或账户，也可以在一开始就对其进行更积极的监管。

"The platforms have policies against certain types of malign² behavior, but they haven't been enforcing them," she says.

她说：“这些平台有针对某些类型的恶意行为的政策，但它们一直没有执行。”

Quinn's research gave ammunition³ to advocates pushing social media platforms to take a harder line.

奎因的研究为推动社交媒体平台采取更强硬路线的倡导者提供了论据。

In November 2019, Mark Zuckerberg invited nine civil rights leaders to dinner at his home, where they warned him about the danger of the election-related falsehoods that were already spreading unchecked.

2019年11月，马克·扎克伯格邀请9名民权领袖在他家共进晚餐，他们警告他，与选举有关的谎言已经在肆无忌惮地传播。

"It took pushing, urging, conversations, brainstorming⁴, all of that to get to a place where we ended up with more rigorous rules and enforcement," says Vanita Gupta,

瓦尼塔·古普塔是民权和人权领导会议的总裁兼首席执行官，他出席了晚宴并会见了推特首席执行官杰克·多西等人。

president and CEO of the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, who attended the dinner and also met with Twitter CEO Jack⁵ Dorsey and others. (Gupta has been nominated for Associate Attorney General by President Biden.)

(古普塔已被拜登总统提名为司法部副部长。)他说：“通过推动、敦促、对话、头脑风暴，我们最终制定了更严格的规则和执行。”

"It was a struggle, but we got to the point where they understood the problem. Was it enough? Probably not. Was it later than we wanted? Yes.

“这是一场斗争，但我们终于让他们明白了问题所在。这就够了吗？可能还不够。是不是比我们想要的更晚？是的。

But it was really important, given the level of official disinformation, that they had those rules in place and were tagging things and taking them down."

但考虑到官方虚假信息的程度，他们制定了这些规则，给东西打上标签然后把它们删除，这真的很重要。”

1 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

2 malign   

adj.有害的；恶性的；恶意的；v.诽谤，诬蔑

参考例句：

• It was easy to see why the cartoonists regularly portrayed him as a malign cherub.难怪漫画家总是把他画成一个邪恶的小天使。
• She likes to malign innocent persons.她爱诋毁那些清白的人。

3 ammunition   

n.军火，弹药

参考例句：

• A few of the jeeps had run out of ammunition.几辆吉普车上的弹药已经用光了。
• They have expended all their ammunition.他们把弹药用光。

4 brainstorming   

献计献策,合力攻关

参考例句：

• With Brainstorming, treat the view on how to solve the problem rightly. 利用脑激励法(Brainstorming)，正确对待学生实验中的问题解决观。
• We are going to do some brainstorming soon. 我们很快就要做些脑力激荡。

5 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。