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实用英语综合教程第三册-8

时间:2007-01-11 16:00来源:互联网 提供网友:belle0920   字体: [ ]
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UNIT 8
Text A

PRE-READING TASK

Exercise 1
Before reading the passage, try to answer the questions.

1. How many years do you think it takes to double the world population now?
2. What might be the possible solutions to the population explosion in the world?

Now compare your answers with your neighbours'.

The Population Bomb

I. Too many people
1 Figure and numerous facts prove that there are already, and certainly that there will be, too many people. Simply calculating the lengths of time necessary to double the world's population is instructive. Impressively, the time required grows ever shorter: 6 000 years before Christ, 1 000 000 years were necessary to double the population, then about 1 650 years after Christ only 1 000 around the 1850's 200 years, in 1930 80 years. Currently, the world's population doubles every 37 years.
2 What would happen if the population were to continue doubling in volume every 37 years?
3 According to recent calculations, maintaining such a rhythm of growth would result in 60 million billion people on the earth in 900 years, which represents 120 inhabitants per square meter.
4 Optimists1 believe and often assert that science will indeed find solutions to the problem of overcrowding, namely by providing the means to immigrate2 to other planets. But this solution is totally impossible. In effect, even if it should become possible, 50 years would be sufficient for the 60 million billion persons to multiply to the point of populating Venus, Mercury, Mars, the Moon and the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn3 with a density4 equal to that of the Earth.
II. Food Shortage
5 Today, a good part of humanity suffers from malnutrition5 or from undernourishment.
6 Some think that the recent scientific discoveries applied6 to agriculture and known under the name of "green revolution" will resolve the problem. Nothing is less certain. Promoters of the revolution themselves believe that it can offer only a respite7 of ten or twenty years.
7 In underdevel-oped countries, al-though mostly agri-cultural, the lag in food production in relation to population growth increases more and more. As the crisis worsens these countries will have to import food. But from where?
III. A Dying Planet
8 The world's population explosion is the source of a whole series of environmental deteriorations, which in time can have disastrous9 consequences.
9 Because the population-food imbalance makes it necessary to increase agricultural production "at any price", methods often harmful to the environment are used without judgment10. For example, the construction of huge dams to irrigate11 hundreds of thousands of acres can in fact provoke catastrophes13. Thus, the Aswan Dam currently prevents the deposit of fertile silts15 brought each year by the flooding of the Nile. The result will obviously be a decrease in the fertility of the Delta16 lands. Damming the Mekong risks the same consequences for Vietnam and neighbouring countries.
10 Fertilizers, synthetic17 pesticides19, DDT can be devastating20, transforming complex ecosystems22, necessary for the conservation of the environment, into simple ecosystems.
11 Certain situations are perceived as dangerous only when they become critical enough to cause numerous deaths. Smog is an example. In London in 1952 it caused some 4 000 deaths. This incident provoked an awakening23 of conscience and resulted in decisions which have proven effective. But smog presents still other dangers: namely, it destroys plants which offer little resistance, and whose oxygen production is indispensable to us, and it changes the earth's thermal24 equilibrium25.
12 For these forms of pollution as for all the others, the destructive chain of cause and effect goes back to a prime cause: "too many cars, too many factories, too many detergents27, too many pesticides, more and more trails left by supersonic jets, inadequate28 methods for disinfecting sewers29, too little water, too much carbon monoxide. The cause is always the same: too many people on the earth."

New Words

numerous
a. many 许多的,众多的

instruct
v. 1. 教,教育
2. 通知,向…提供事实情况

instructive
a. 1. 有启发的,有教益的
2. 教育的,指导性的

impressive
a. causing admiration30 by giving one a feeling of importance 给人以深刻印象的

impressively
ad. 给人以深刻印象地

namely
ad. (and) that is (to say)即,那就是

immigrate
v. to come into a country to make one's life and home there 移居,移入

multiply
v. to increase 增加

populate
v. (of a group) to live in (a particular area) (大批地)居住于,生活于

satellite
n. 1. a heavenly body, moving around a larger one 卫星
2. a man-made object intended to move around the earth, moon, etc. 人造卫星

density
n. 1. 密集,稠密
2. 密度

undernourishment
n. 营养不足

respite
n. ( a short period of) pause or rest, during a time of great effort, pain, or trouble 暂缓,暂停

lag
n. a period of time by which something is slower or later 落后,滞后

worsen
v. to (cause to) become worse 变得更差,恶化

deterioration8
n. the state of becoming worse 恶化,变坏

judgment
n. the ability to judge correctly 判断

dam
n. a wall or bank built to keep back water 坝,堤
v. to build a dam across 筑坝

irrigate
v. to supply water to (dry land) 灌溉

acre
n. a measure of land, about 4047 square metres 英亩(≈4047平方米)

provoke
v. to cause 引起

catastrophe12
n. a sudden, unexpected, and terrible event that causes great suffering 灾难

fertile
a. (of land) which produces good crops 肥沃的

silt14
n. (水流夹带或水底沉积的)泥沙,淤泥

fertility
n. the condition or state of being fertile 肥沃,丰产

delta
(河流的)三角洲

synthetic
a. 1. 合成的
2. 综合的

pesticide18
n. 农药,杀虫剂

transformv. to change completely in form, appearance 使改变(性质等)

ecosystem21
n. 生态系统

awakening
n. the act of becoming conscious or concerned 觉醒,唤醒

resistance
n. the ability or power of resisting 抵抗力

oxygen
n. 氧,氧气

indispensable
a. that is too important to live without 必不可少的

destructive
a. 破坏性的,毁灭性的

detergent26
n. a chemical product used for cleaning 洗涤剂

trail
n. a series of marks left by a person or thing passing by 痕迹

supersonic
a. faster than the speed of sound 超音速的

adequate
a. sufficient 充分的,足够的

inadequate
a. not adequate 不适当的,不充分的
disinfect
v. 消毒,杀菌

carbon
n. 碳

monoxide
n. 一氧化物

Phrases and Expressions

in effect
实际上,实质上

be equal to
等于,比得上

under the name of
名叫,称为

suffer from
遭受

in relation to
与…相比,与…有关,涉及

in time
最终,迟早,及时

at any price
不惜任何代价

Proper Names

before Christ
公元前

Venus
金星

Mercury
水星

Mars
火星

Saturn
土星

the Aswan Dam
阿斯旺水坝

the Nile
尼罗河

the Mekong
湄公河

Vietnam
越南

DDT
滴滴涕(商品名,一种杀虫剂)


Text B

PRE-READING TASK

Exercise 1
Before reading the passage, think about the questions.

1. What would it be like if there were no trees on the earth?
2. Why is it important for us to plant more trees nowadays?

Now read the passage and check your answers with the author's.

Reforest the Earth!

1 Throughout the drought-ridden summer of 1988, the world heard much about how the burning of fossil fuels causes the greenhouse effect (the rapid warming of the earth's atmosphere.) We heard little about how the burning of tropical rain forests also contributes to the greenhouse effect. And still less do we hear about how reforestation of these tropics could help heal an ailing31 world.
2 The earth constantly maintains 700 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Fossil fuels emit another 5.2 billion metric tons of CO2 into the air each year, while the burning of tropical forests emits roughly 1.8 billion metric tons of CO2 -- both contributing to a buildup of carbon dioxide that will soon trigger the greenhouse effect. The CO2 gases trap the heat of the sun in the same way the glass of a greenhouse controls temperature for plants. If the gases become too concentrated, too much heat will collect, resulting in rising temperatures.
3 Of all the carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere, only about half accumulates in the skies while the rest disappears into oceans and lakes, vegetation and soil. So out of the 5.2 billion metric tons of CO2 emitted from the burning of fossil fuels and the 1.8 billion metric tons released from the burning of rain forests each year, only 3.5 billion metric tons contributes to global warming.
4 In 1980, 36 000 square miles of forest were burned in the tropics. In 1987, 33 000 square miles of rain forest were burned in Brazilian Amazonia alone. By the year 2020 the figure for tropical-forest emissions33 of CO2 could climb to another 5 billion metric tons. As a result, the CO2 released into the atmosphere each year would rise to approximately 10.2 billion metric tons.
5 Replanting trees in the tropics could eventually offer a solution to the greenhouse effect. A tree absorbs carbon dioxide through photosynthesis34. Plant enough trees (as many as 250 billion) and we could remove much of the additional CO2 building up in the atmosphere. Nowhere in the world are conditions better for growing trees than in the tropics, where year-round warmth and moisture encourage rapid growth. To start a grand-scale tree-growing project in the tropics, however, would require as many as 20 governments in Latin America, Africa, and Asia to stop the rapid destruction of rain forests.
6 How many trees would we need to reforest the earth and stabilize35 the damage produced by global warming? One acre of a tropical plantation36 can absorb an annual average of four metric tons of atmospheric37 carbon. In order to soak up 1 billion metric tons of CO2, we would have to plant 400 000 square miles of new tropical forests. To eliminate the buildup of 3.5 billion metric tons would require planting trees on 1.2 million square miles, an expanse roughly equivalent to all states east of the Mississippi.
7 Where can we find enough space to replant what isn't being otherwise utilized38? In the humid tropics forests have been cut down in watershed39 regions where replanting is urgently needed to stop topsoil from eroding40 and to prevent flooding. Last year flooding devastated41 regions in Bangladesh, India, the Sudan, and Thailand. In lowland Southeast Asia deforested lands have degenerated43 into poor-quality scrub and brush or coarse grasslands44, good for little apart from reforestation. In addition, tropical countries urgently need to increase forest cover to adequately expand their fuelwood and commercial timber supplies.
8 At an average cost of $160 per acre, reforesting the tropics would cost $120 billion. This may seem like a high figure, but the global community would be spared much higher greenhouse costs. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, a rise in sea level (just through heating of the ocean surface) would threaten the developed coastal45 regions of the eastern United States. To protect these shore-lines, seawalls and tidal dams would have to be built at a cost of $10 billion. To improve dams and irrigation systems in the United States could cost an additional $23 billion. In comparison, the Department of Agriculture currently spends $200 million a year on flood-prevention programs. Further costs related to sea level rise and disrupted agriculture in other parts of the world (lush, fertile cropland may turn into desert) would surely turn out to be similarly great.
9 The consequences of the greenhouse effect will be far-reaching and possibly even devastation46. If the projections48 of experts come to pass in the next 50 years, the earth's temperatures will rise between 3°and 9°F. (In polar regions the temperatures may rise as much as 20°F. After a look at the consequences we face as a result of the greenhouse effect, reforesting the earth doesn't seem as unusual as it might have at first. In fact, a program to plant billions of trees throughout the tropics now seems like a very sensible action.
10 Reforesting the earth is not the definitive49 solution to the warming trend of the greenhouse effect. It is only one way to bring the rising levels of carbon in the atmosphere under control. A worldwide campaign to reforest the earth, however, will improve the quality of our lives, stabilize rising temperatures, and buy time until we find additional solutions to the greenhouse effect.

New Words

reforest
v. to plant again with forest trees 再造林于,重新造林

drought
n. a long period of dry weather, when there is not enough water 干旱

drought-ridden
a. 受干旱困扰

tropical
a. 1. 热带的
2. very hot 酷热的

reforestation
n. 再造林

tropic
n. 1. 热带地区
2. (南或北)回归线

heal
v. to cause to become healthy 治愈

ailing
a. 1. 境况不佳的
2. 生病的,体衰的

metrica. concerning the system of measurement based on the metre and kilogram (采用)公制的,(采用)米制的

dioxide
n. 二氧化物

accumulate
v. to make or become greater in quantity 积聚,堆积

vegetation
n. 1. all the plants in a particular place 植被
2. plant life in general 植物的生长

release
v. to allow to come out; set free 释放,放出

emission32
n. 1. the act of emitting 散发,发出
2. something which is emitted 散发物

approximate
a. nearly correct but not exact 大概的

approximately
ad. 大概地,约莫地

photosynthesis
n. 光合作用

moisture
n. 1. water, or other liquids, in small quantities or in the form of steam or mist 湿度,湿气
2. 降雨量

destruction
n. the act of destroying 破坏,毁坏

damage
n. harm, loss 损害,损失
v. to cause harm or loss to 损害,损失

plantation
n. an area of land planted with trees 种植园,种植场

atmospheric
a. of or concerning the earth's atmosphere 大气的,空气的

soak
v. 1. to draw in 吸取,摄取
2. to cause to remain in a liquid 浸湿

eliminate
v. to remove or get rid of 消除,排除

expanse
n. a wide space 广阔区域,大片地区

humid
a. (of air and weather) containing water 潮湿的,湿润的

shed
v. to cause to flow out 使流出

watershed
n. 1. (森林地带的)集水区
2. the high land separating river systems 分水岭

urgent
a. very important, esp. which must be dealt with quickly or first 紧迫的,紧急的

urgentlyad. 紧急地

erode50
v. 1. to be or become worn or rubbed away 遭侵蚀,被腐蚀
2. to destroy or wear (sth.) away gradually 侵蚀,腐蚀

devastated
a. that has been devastated 遭破坏的

deforested
a. 被砍伐森林的

degenerate42
v. to become worse in quality 衰退,变差

scrub
n. 低矮丛林,密灌丛

coarse
a. not fine, rough 粗的,粗糙的

timber
n. wood for building 木材,原木

threaten
v. 1. to give warning of (something bad) 构成威胁,预示
2. 威胁,恐吓

coastal
a. of or related to the coast 海岸的,近海岸的

irrigation
n. 灌溉

comparison
n. the act or the result of comparing 比较,对照

disrupted
a. that has been or is brought into disorder51 被扰乱了的

lush
a. (of plants, esp. grass) growing very well, thickily, and healthily 繁茂的,葱郁的

far-reaching
a. having a wide influence or effect 广泛的,深远的

devastation
n. 破坏

projection47
n. something planned, esp. a guess of future possibilities made on the base of experience (根据趋势所作的)预测,估计

polar
a. of, near, like, or coming from lands near the North or South Poles 极地的

definitive
a. that provides a last decision that cannot be questioned 决定性的,最后的

Phrases and Expressions

release from
从…释放出

soak up
吸收,摄取

(be) equivalent to
相当于,与…等同

cut down
砍下,削减,降低

in comparison
比较起来

come to pass
(事情)发生

as a result of
作为…的结果

bring...under control
使…得以控制

Proper Names

Brazilian Amazonia
巴西亚马逊河流域地区

Latin America
拉丁美洲

the Mississippi
密西西比河

Bangladesh
孟加拉国

the Sudan
苏丹

Thailand
泰国

the Environmental Protection Agency
(美国)环境保护局

the Department of Agriculture
(美国)农业部

 


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 optimists 2a4469dbbf5de82b5ffedfb264dd62c4     
n.乐观主义者( optimist的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Even optimists admit the outlook to be poor. 甚至乐观的人都认为前景不好。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Optimists reckon house prices will move up with inflation this year. 乐观人士认为今年的房价将会随通货膨胀而上涨。 来自辞典例句
2 immigrate haAxe     
v.(从外国)移来,移居入境
参考例句:
  • 10,000 people are expected to immigrate in the next two years.接下来的两年里预计有10,000人会移民至此。
  • Only few plants can immigrate to the island.只有很少的植物能够移植到这座岛上。
3 Saturn tsZy1     
n.农神,土星
参考例句:
  • Astronomers used to ask why only Saturn has rings.天文学家们过去一直感到奇怪,为什么只有土星有光环。
  • These comparisons suggested that Saturn is made of lighter materials.这些比较告诉我们,土星由较轻的物质构成。
4 density rOdzZ     
n.密集,密度,浓度
参考例句:
  • The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
  • The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。
5 malnutrition kAhxX     
n.营养不良
参考例句:
  • In Africa, there are a lot of children suffering from severe malnutrition.在非洲有大批严重营养不良的孩子。
  • It is a classic case of malnutrition. 这是营养不良的典型病例。
6 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
7 respite BWaxa     
n.休息,中止,暂缓
参考例句:
  • She was interrogated without respite for twenty-four hours.她被不间断地审问了二十四小时。
  • Devaluation would only give the economy a brief respite.贬值只能让经济得到暂时的缓解。
8 deterioration yvvxj     
n.退化;恶化;变坏
参考例句:
  • Mental and physical deterioration both occur naturally with age. 随着年龄的增长,心智和体力自然衰退。
  • The car's bodywork was already showing signs of deterioration. 这辆车的车身已经显示出了劣化迹象。
9 disastrous 2ujx0     
adj.灾难性的,造成灾害的;极坏的,很糟的
参考例句:
  • The heavy rainstorm caused a disastrous flood.暴雨成灾。
  • Her investment had disastrous consequences.She lost everything she owned.她的投资结果很惨,血本无归。
10 judgment e3xxC     
n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见
参考例句:
  • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
  • He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。
11 irrigate HRtzo     
vt.灌溉,修水利,冲洗伤口,使潮湿
参考例句:
  • The farmer dug several trenches to irrigate the rice fields.这个农民挖了好几条沟以灌溉稻田。
  • They have built canals to irrigate the desert.他们建造成水渠以灌溉沙漠。
12 catastrophe WXHzr     
n.大灾难,大祸
参考例句:
  • I owe it to you that I survived the catastrophe.亏得你我才大难不死。
  • This is a catastrophe beyond human control.这是一场人类无法控制的灾难。
13 catastrophes 9d10f3014dc151d21be6612c0d467fd0     
n.灾祸( catastrophe的名词复数 );灾难;不幸事件;困难
参考例句:
  • Two of history's worst natural catastrophes occurred in 1970. 1970年发生了历史上最严重两次自然灾害。 来自辞典例句
  • The Swiss deposits contain evidence of such catastrophes. 瑞士的遗址里还有这种灾难的证据。 来自辞典例句
14 silt tEHyA     
n.淤泥,淤沙,粉砂层,泥沙层;vt.使淤塞;vi.被淤塞
参考例句:
  • The lake was almost solid with silt and vegetation.湖里几乎快被淤泥和植物填满了。
  • During the annual floods the river deposits its silt on the fields.每年河水泛滥时都会在田野上沉积一层淤泥。
15 silts 8f714140c4c4d860dc7d4f1c9e36e955     
v.(河流等)为淤泥淤塞( silt的第三人称单数 );(使)淤塞
参考例句:
  • Consolidation settlement occurs mainly in clays or silts. 压缩沉降主要出现在粘土或粉沙中。 来自辞典例句
  • Today blowing sand dusts the town and silts its harbor. 如今的摩卡,狂沙肆虐,港口淤缩,一派荒芜。 来自互联网
16 delta gxvxZ     
n.(流的)角洲
参考例句:
  • He has been to the delta of the Nile.他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。
  • The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在河口分岔,形成了一个三角洲。
17 synthetic zHtzY     
adj.合成的,人工的;综合的;n.人工制品
参考例句:
  • We felt the salesman's synthetic friendliness.我们感觉到那位销售员的虚情假意。
  • It's a synthetic diamond.这是人造钻石。
18 pesticide OMlxV     
n.杀虫剂,农药
参考例句:
  • The pesticide was spread over the vegetable plot.菜田里撒上了农药。
  • This pesticide is diluted with water and applied directly to the fields.这种杀虫剂用水稀释后直接施用在田里。
19 pesticides abb0488ed6905584ea91347395a890e8     
n.杀虫剂( pesticide的名词复数 );除害药物
参考例句:
  • vegetables grown without the use of pesticides 未用杀虫剂种植的蔬菜
  • There is a lot of concern over the amount of herbicides and pesticides used in farming. 人们对农业上灭草剂和杀虫剂的用量非常担忧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
20 devastating muOzlG     
adj.毁灭性的,令人震惊的,强有力的
参考例句:
  • It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
  • Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。
21 ecosystem Wq4xz     
n.生态系统
参考例句:
  • This destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。
  • We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。
22 ecosystems 94cb0e40a815bea1157ac8aab9a5380d     
n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样,从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句
23 awakening 9ytzdV     
n.觉醒,醒悟 adj.觉醒中的;唤醒的
参考例句:
  • the awakening of interest in the environment 对环境产生的兴趣
  • People are gradually awakening to their rights. 人们正逐渐意识到自己的权利。
24 thermal 8Guyc     
adj.热的,由热造成的;保暖的
参考例句:
  • They will build another thermal power station.他们要另外建一座热能发电站。
  • Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。
25 equilibrium jiazs     
n.平衡,均衡,相称,均势,平静
参考例句:
  • Change in the world around us disturbs our inner equilibrium.我们周围世界的变化扰乱了我们内心的平静。
  • This is best expressed in the form of an equilibrium constant.这最好用平衡常数的形式来表示。
26 detergent dm1zW     
n.洗涤剂;adj.有洗净力的
参考例句:
  • He recommended a new detergent to me.他向我推荐一种新的洗涤剂。
  • This detergent can remove stubborn stains.这种去污剂能去除难洗的污渍。
27 detergents 2f4a6c42e9c2663b781bda4f769407b9     
n.洗涤剂( detergent的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Such detergents do not yellow the wool as alkali tends to do. 这种洗涤剂不会象碱那样使羊毛发黄。 来自辞典例句
  • Development of detergents has required optimization of the surfactants structure. 发展洗涤剂时,要求使用最恰当的表面活性剂结构。 来自辞典例句
28 inadequate 2kzyk     
adj.(for,to)不充足的,不适当的
参考例句:
  • The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
  • She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。
29 sewers f2c11b7b1b6091034471dfa6331095f6     
n.阴沟,污水管,下水道( sewer的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The sewers discharge out at sea. 下水道的污水排入海里。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Another municipal waste problem is street runoff into storm sewers. 有关都市废水的另外一个问题是进入雨水沟的街道雨水。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
30 admiration afpyA     
n.钦佩,赞美,羡慕
参考例句:
  • He was lost in admiration of the beauty of the scene.他对风景之美赞不绝口。
  • We have a great admiration for the gold medalists.我们对金牌获得者极为敬佩。
31 ailing XzzzbA     
v.生病
参考例句:
  • They discussed the problems ailing the steel industry. 他们讨论了困扰钢铁工业的问题。
  • She looked after her ailing father. 她照顾有病的父亲。
32 emission vjnz4     
n.发出物,散发物;发出,散发
参考例句:
  • Rigorous measures will be taken to reduce the total pollutant emission.采取严格有力措施,降低污染物排放总量。
  • Finally,the way to effectively control particulate emission is pointed out.最后,指出有效降低颗粒排放的方向。
33 emissions 1a87f8769eb755734e056efecb5e2da9     
排放物( emission的名词复数 ); 散发物(尤指气体)
参考例句:
  • Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
  • Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。
34 photosynthesis A2Czp     
n.光合作用
参考例句:
  • In apple trees photosynthesis occurs almost exclusively in the leaves.苹果树的光合作用几乎只发生在叶内。
  • Chloroplasts are the structures in which photosynthesis happens.叶绿体就是光合作用发生的地方。
35 stabilize PvuwZ     
vt.(使)稳定,使稳固,使稳定平衡;vi.稳定
参考例句:
  • They are eager to stabilize currencies.他们急于稳定货币。
  • His blood pressure tended to stabilize.他的血压趋向稳定。
36 plantation oOWxz     
n.种植园,大农场
参考例句:
  • His father-in-law is a plantation manager.他岳父是个种植园经营者。
  • The plantation owner has possessed himself of a vast piece of land.这个种植园主把大片土地占为己有。
37 atmospheric 6eayR     
adj.大气的,空气的;大气层的;大气所引起的
参考例句:
  • Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
  • Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。
38 utilized a24badb66c4d7870fd211f2511461fff     
v.利用,使用( utilize的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • In the19th century waterpower was widely utilized to generate electricity. 在19世纪人们大规模使用水力来发电。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The empty building can be utilized for city storage. 可以利用那栋空建筑物作城市的仓库。 来自《简明英汉词典》
39 watershed jgQwo     
n.转折点,分水岭,分界线
参考例句:
  • Our marriage was at a watershed.我们的婚姻到了一个转折关头。
  • It forms the watershed between the two rivers.它成了两条河流的分水岭。
40 eroding c892257232bdd413a7900bdce96d217e     
侵蚀,腐蚀( erode的现在分词 ); 逐渐毁坏,削弱,损害
参考例句:
  • The coast is slowly eroding. 海岸正慢慢地被侵蚀。
  • Another new development is eroding the age-old stereotype of the male warrior. 另一个新现象是,久已形成的男人皆武士的形象正逐渐消失。
41 devastated eb3801a3063ef8b9664b1b4d1f6aaada     
v.彻底破坏( devastate的过去式和过去分词);摧毁;毁灭;在感情上(精神上、财务上等)压垮adj.毁坏的;极为震惊的
参考例句:
  • The bomb devastated much of the old part of the city. 这颗炸弹炸毁了旧城的一大片地方。
  • His family is absolutely devastated. 他的一家感到极为震惊。
42 degenerate 795ym     
v.退步,堕落;adj.退步的,堕落的;n.堕落者
参考例句:
  • He didn't let riches and luxury make him degenerate.他不因财富和奢华而自甘堕落。
  • Will too much freedom make them degenerate?太多的自由会令他们堕落吗?
43 degenerated 41e5137359bcc159984e1d58f1f76d16     
衰退,堕落,退化( degenerate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The march degenerated into a riot. 示威游行变成了暴动。
  • The wide paved road degenerated into a narrow bumpy track. 铺好的宽阔道路渐渐变窄,成了一条崎岖不平的小径。
44 grasslands 72179cad53224d2f605476ff67a1d94c     
n.草原,牧场( grassland的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Songs were heard ringing loud and clear over the grasslands. 草原上扬起清亮激越的歌声。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Grasslands have been broken and planted to wheat. 草原已经开垦出来,种上了小麦。 来自《简明英汉词典》
45 coastal WWiyh     
adj.海岸的,沿海的,沿岸的
参考例句:
  • The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
  • This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。
46 devastation ku9zlF     
n.毁坏;荒废;极度震惊或悲伤
参考例句:
  • The bomb caused widespread devastation. 炸弹造成大面积破坏。
  • There was devastation on every side. 到处都是破坏的创伤。 来自《简明英汉词典》
47 projection 9Rzxu     
n.发射,计划,突出部分
参考例句:
  • Projection takes place with a minimum of awareness or conscious control.投射在最少的知觉或意识控制下发生。
  • The projection of increases in number of house-holds is correct.对户数增加的推算是正确的。
48 projections 7275a1e8ba6325ecfc03ebb61a4b9192     
预测( projection的名词复数 ); 投影; 投掷; 突起物
参考例句:
  • Their sales projections are a total thumbsuck. 他们的销售量预测纯属估计。
  • The council has revised its projections of funding requirements upwards. 地方议会调高了对资金需求的预测。
49 definitive YxSxF     
adj.确切的,权威性的;最后的,决定性的
参考例句:
  • This book is the definitive guide to world cuisine.这本书是世界美食的权威指南。
  • No one has come up with a definitive answer as to why this should be so.至于为什么该这样,还没有人给出明确的答复。
50 erode NmUyX     
v.侵蚀,腐蚀,使...减少、减弱或消失
参考例句:
  • Once exposed,soil is quickly eroded by wind and rain.一旦暴露在外,土壤很快就会被风雨侵蚀。
  • Competition in the financial marketplace has eroded profits.金融市场的竞争降低了利润。
51 disorder Et1x4     
n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调
参考例句:
  • When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后,他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
  • It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。
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