走遍全世界78：马丘比丘

Machu Picchu, the "Lost City of the Incas", as it was dubbed¹ by the man who rediscovered it in the last century, is among the greatest tourist attractions in South America today and ranks among the most outstanding symbols in the Andean cultures.

马丘比丘在上个世纪被再度发掘出来，发掘者称之为“印加失落之城”，它是当今南美顶级旅游胜地之一，是安第斯多种文明中最为耀眼的象征之一。

The legendary² Inca settlement of Machu Picchu has become one of the world's iconic areas. Its haunting aura is enhanced by the mystery surrounding its use and abandonment. Machu Picchu is a manmade masterpiece blends into nature in the Andes.

传说中的马丘比丘印加沉降已成为世界的标志性地区之一。它的使用和废弃加深了它神秘的光环。它被称为与安第斯的大自然融为一体的人工杰作。

The ancient city of Machu Picchu attracts visitors from all over the world. Historians believe the Inca began building Machu Picchu around the 1450s, but because they left no written records behind, no one knows exactly what their purpose was.

马丘比丘古城吸引了来自世界各地的游客。历史学家认为，印加人在1450年代开始建立马丘比丘，但是因为他们没有留下任何文字记载，所以没有人确切地知道他们的目的是什么。

Machu Picchu was built in the classical Inca style, with polished dry-stone walls. Its primary buildings are the Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, and the Room of the Three Windows.

马丘比丘的建筑具有印加传统风格——抛光干石墙。其主要建筑有拴日石、太阳庙，以及三窗户的房间。

Johan Reinhard (Archaeologist): The Inca royal family would go there for different kinds of ceremonies, and we do know that the Incas had a very strong ritual element there.

约翰莱因哈德（考古学家）认为：印加王室成员将前往那里进行各种不同的仪式，因为我们知道，在古代的印加，有一个非常强烈的宗教元素的存在。

Reinhard: Machu Picchu was probably abandoned or began to be abandoned already before the Spanish came, and that's becuase around 1525 there was a civil war. After the Spanish arrived seven years later, in 1532, the Inca deliberately³ burned the forest around Machu Picchu. They burned it because the foliage⁴ re-grows and completely covers it and made it virtually impassable.

莱因哈德：在西班牙人来之前，马丘比丘就可能已经被遗弃或即将被放弃，这是因为1525年左右有一个内战。西班牙人到达后七年后的1532年，印加人故意烧了马丘比丘周围的森林。他们焚烧树叶，因为它重新增长和完全覆盖它，使它几乎不可逾越。

Perhaps, thanks to the Inca's efforts to hide the city, the Spanish never found Machu Picchu. It was lost to the wider world until geographer⁵ Hiram Bingham rediscovered it in 1911. In 1983, Machu Picchu was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. As archaeologists learn more about what happened here, new questions continue to arise, guaranteeing that Machu Picchu will remain a place of mystery for years to come.

或许，应该感谢印加为隐藏这个城市而做出的努力，西班牙从未发现马丘比丘。马丘比丘成为失落的城市，直到地理学家海勒姆宾厄姆在1911年重新发现这里。1983年，马丘比丘被联合国教科文组织命名为世界遗产。因为考古学家了解这里发生的事情更多，新的问题继续出现，马丘比丘将在未来几年保持它神秘的面貌。

1 dubbed   

v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制

参考例句：

• Mathematics was once dubbed the handmaiden of the sciences. 数学曾一度被视为各门科学的基础。
• Is the movie dubbed or does it have subtitles? 这部电影是配音的还是打字幕的？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 legendary   

adj.传奇（中）的，闻名遐迩的；n.传奇（文学）

参考例句：

• Legendary stories are passed down from parents to children.传奇故事是由父母传给孩子们的。
• Odysseus was a legendary Greek hero.奥狄修斯是传说中的希腊英雄。

3 deliberately   

adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地

参考例句：

• The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
• They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

4 foliage   

n.叶子，树叶，簇叶

参考例句：

• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage.小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。
• Dark foliage clothes the hills.浓密的树叶覆盖着群山。

5 geographer   

n.地理学者

参考例句：

• His grandfather is a geographer.他的祖父是一位地理学家。
• Li Siguang is a famous geographer.李四光是一位著名的地理学家。