Step by Step 3000 第2册 Unit5:Creative Minds(1)

 　　Step by Step 3000. Book 2.

　　Unit 5. Creative Minds.

　　Part 1. Warming up.

　　A. Keywords. invented.

　　Vocabulary. internal-combustion engine, barometer¹, atmosphere pressure, polaroid, pendulum², diesel³,

　　fuel oil, dynamite⁴, kaleidoscope, harpsichord⁵, gunsmith.

　　You're going to hear some information about 10 inventions.

　　Listen carefully, write down the names of the inventions, the nationality and occupation of each inventor and the year when the invention was made.

　　The gasoline automobile⁶ was invented by Gottieb Daimler, the German engineer in 1885.

　　His construction of the first high-speed internal-combustion engineer led to development of the automobile industry.

　　The barometer, the instrument for measuring atmosphere pressure, was invented by inventor, Evangelista Torriceli ,the Italian physicist⁷ and mathematician⁸ in 1643.

　　The polaroid camera, which takes and prints photos in one step, was invented in 1947, by the American inventor and industrialist⁹ Edwin Herbert Land.

　　The pendulum clock was invented by the Dutch mathematician and physicist, Christiaan Huygens in 1657.

　　The diesel engine which is heavier and more powerful than gasoline engine, and which burns fuel oil instead of gasoline, was named after its inventor, Rudolph Diesel, the German engineer, in 1892.

　　Dynamite, the improved explosives was great safety, was invented in 1866, by the Swedish chemist, Alfred Bernhard Nobel.

　　He established a fund to provide annual awards called Nobel Prizes in science, literature and promotion¹⁰ of international peace.

　　The Kaleidoscope was invented in 1817, by Sir David Brewster, the Scottish physicist and natural philosopher.

　　The piano, a keyboard musical instrument, was invented in 1709, by the Italian harpsichord maker¹¹, Bartolomeo Cristofori.

　　The sewing machine, which greatly revolutionized clothes making, was invented by Elias Howe, an American inventor in 1846.

　　The typewriter, its first practical commerical model, was invented in 1867, by the American inventor, Christopher Sholes,

　　and was manufactured by the American gunsmith, Philo Remington in 1874.

　　B. Keywords. invent.

　　Vocabulary. fax, calendar, puppet, Mercedes-Benz.

　　The following passage will tell you about some inventions made by people in different countries.

　　Listen carefully and match the inventions with places where these things first came from.

　　People in England made the first computer. It was built in 1943.

　　It was made to help England understand secret messages during World War Two.

　　Someone in Australia invented the fax machine.

　　After the fax machine was invented, it first became popular in East Asia.

　　Folding fans came from Japan.

　　They were invented in Japan almost 800 years ago.

　　The first car came from Germany. It was invented by Karl Benz in 1885.

　　Benz is still famous. His name is one the Mercedes-Benz car.

　　A man in Canada invented the chocolate bar.

　　He lived in Nova Scotia, in the eastern part of Canada.

　　He invented the chocolate bar in the 1800's.

　　The first really accurate calendar was invented in Mexico.

　　This calendar was made about 1500 years ago.

　　That's when people learned that the year was 365 days long.

　　The first mechanical clock was invented in China.

　　It was invented in the year 725, over 1250 years ago.

　　People think Africans created the first puppets.

　　Actually no one is sure. But puppets were probably created to help tell stories.

　　C. Keywords. design, patent, introduce, develop, appear, born, invent, create.

　　Vocabulary. paper clip, patent, adhesive¹², primer, cellular¹³ phone, commission, authorize¹⁴,

　　subscribe¹⁵, credit with, wringer, ad, disposable, diaper, zipper¹⁶, immigrant, galosh,

　　accident-prone, strip, merit, Band-Aid, Norwegian, Pennsylvania, Czech.

　　In the past century, when the consumer became king, product innovation reached unprecedented¹⁷ heights.

　　Now listen to some of the great things invented in the past 100 years.

　　Fill in the missing information.

　　Pay special attention to the name of the inventions and the time when they appeared.

　　The design of paper clips is perfect.

　　There's been little improvements since Norwegian Johan Vaaler got his American patent in 1901.

　　Only about 20% actually used to clip papers.

　　Post-it is one of the top 5 best selling office suppliers.

　　To make post-its, introduced in 1980, 3M had to develop the adhesive, primer, back-side coating and new manufacturing equipment.

　　The first cellular phone was developed in 1973, by Martin Cooper at Motorola.

　　And a test of 1000 such phones followed in Chicago.

　　The Federal Communications Commission authorized¹⁸ cellular service in 1982, and we haven't shut up since.

　　More than a third of all households in the U.S subscribe.

　　Among those credited with making electric washing machines was Alva J. Fisher.

　　The machines used wringers to remove water from clothes.

　　Truly automatic machines appeared in the 1930s.

　　An early ad for a GE washer read, "If every father did family washing next Monday, there would be an electric washing machine in evert home by Saturday night."

　　Oh, baby, what a convenience. Procter & Gamble's pampers¹⁹, born in 1961, were first used only for special occasions.

　　Now the 95% of American parents who buy disposable diapers will spend up to 2100 dollars a child to avoid washing diapers.

　　Zippers²⁰ were invented in 1913 by Swedish immigrant Gideon Sunback at Universal Fastener Co, in Pennsylvania.

　　B.F. Goodrich first used the word to refer to a fastener on a pair of its galoshes.

　　It was not used in clothes until the 1930s.

　　By 1941, zippers beat pants off buttons in the Battle of the Fly.

　　Johnson & Johnson sold 3000 dollars worth of handmade Band-Aids in 1921, the year it introduced them.

　　A company cotton buyer, Earle Dickson, had created them at home for his accident-prone wife.

　　He then convinced his boss that the strips had merit.

　　Onto Wichterle, a Czech scientist, created the first soft contact lens in 1961.

　　Bausch & Lomb brought the rights to his process for a reported 3 billion dollars in 1966.

1 barometer   

n.气压表，睛雨表，反应指标

参考例句：

• The barometer marked a continuing fall in atmospheric pressure.气压表表明气压在继续下降。
• The arrow on the barometer was pointing to"stormy".气压计上的箭头指向“有暴风雨”。

2 pendulum   

n.摆，钟摆

参考例句：

• The pendulum swung slowly to and fro.钟摆在慢慢地来回摆动。
• He accidentally found that the desk clock did not swing its pendulum.他无意中发现座钟不摇摆了。

3 diesel   

n.柴油发动机，内燃机

参考例句：

• We experimented with diesel engines to drive the pumps.我们试着用柴油机来带动水泵。
• My tractor operates on diesel oil.我的那台拖拉机用柴油开动。

4 dynamite   

n./vt.(用)炸药(爆破)

参考例句：

• The workmen detonated the dynamite.工人们把炸药引爆了。
• The philosopher was still political dynamite.那位哲学家仍旧是政治上的爆炸性人物。

5 harpsichord   

n.键琴（钢琴前身）

参考例句：

• I can tune the harpsichord as well as play it.我会弹奏大键琴，同样地，我也会给大键琴调音。
• Harpsichord music is readily playable.古钢琴音乐可以随时演奏。

6 automobile   

n.汽车，机动车

参考例句：

• He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile.他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。
• The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road.汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。

7 physicist   

n.物理学家，研究物理学的人

参考例句：

• He is a physicist of the first rank.他是一流的物理学家。
• The successful physicist never puts on airs.这位卓有成就的物理学家从不摆架子。

8 mathematician   

n.数学家

参考例句：

• The man with his back to the camera is a mathematician.背对着照相机的人是位数学家。
• The mathematician analyzed his figures again.这位数学家再次分析研究了他的这些数字。

9 industrialist   

n.工业家，实业家

参考例句：

• The industrialist's son was kidnapped.这名实业家的儿子被绑架了。
• Mr.Smith was a wealthy industrialist,but he was not satisfied with life.史密斯先生是位富有的企业家，可他对生活感到不满意。

10 promotion   

n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传

参考例句：

• The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
• The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。

11 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

12 adhesive   

n.粘合剂；adj.可粘着的，粘性的

参考例句：

• You'll need a strong adhesive to mend that chair. 你需要一种粘性很强的东西来修理那把椅子。
• Would you give me an adhesive stamp?请给我一枚带胶邮票好吗？

13 cellular   

adj.移动的；细胞的，由细胞组成的

参考例句：

• She has a cellular telephone in her car.她的汽车里有一部无线通讯电话机。
• Many people use cellular materials as sensitive elements in hygrometers.很多人用蜂窝状的材料作为测量温度的传感元件。

14 authorize   

v.授权，委任；批准，认可

参考例句：

• He said that he needed to get his supervisor to authorize my refund.他说必须让主管人员批准我的退款。
• Only the President could authorize the use of the atomic bomb.只有总统才能授权使用原子弹。

15 subscribe   

vi.(to)订阅，订购；同意；vt.捐助，赞助

参考例句：

• I heartily subscribe to that sentiment.我十分赞同那个观点。
• The magazine is trying to get more readers to subscribe.该杂志正大力发展新订户。

16 zipper   

n.拉链；v.拉上拉链

参考例句：

• The zipper is red.这条拉链是红色的。
• The zipper is a wonderful invention.拉链是个了不起的发明。

17 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

18 authorized   

a.委任的，许可的

参考例句：

• An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。

19 pampers   

v.纵容，宠，娇养( pamper的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The biggest is Pampers nappies, which collected more than $7 billion last year. 最大的是帮宝适(Pampers)纸尿裤，去年收获超过70亿美元。 来自互联网
• She pampers her own spoiled children and brings Jane up as little better than a servant. 她对她那些被宠坏了的孩子娇生惯养，但对简则有如对待佣仆。 来自辞典例句

20 zippers   

n.拉链( zipper的名词复数 )；用拉链的人，装拉链的包

参考例句：

• Buttons, zippers should be glitch free and sharp edge. 纽扣、拉链应无毛刺和锐利边缘。 来自互联网
• Buttons, Zippers, Trimmings and Accessories for the Garment Industry. 主营钮扣，拉链，装饰品和其他服装辅料。 来自互联网