异类之不一样的成功启示录 第11期:培育未来之星

 　　This is a book about outliers,

　　这是一本谈论那些与众不同之人的书，

　　about men and women who do things that are out of the ordinary.

　　这些与众不同的男人或者女人，他们的成就超越了常人。

　　Over the course of the chapter ahead,

　　在每章的前面部分，

　　I'm going to introduce you to one kind of outlier after another:

　　我会给大家介绍形形色色的天才：

　　to geniuses, business tycoons¹, rock stars, and software programmers.

　　商业大亨、摇滚歌星和计算机黑客，

　　We're going to uncover the secretes² of a remarkable³ lawyer,

　　我们将向你掲开著名律师成功的秘诀，

　　look at what separates the best pilots from pilots who have crashed planes,

　　如何从糟糕的飞行员中甄别出佼佼者，

　　and try to figure out why Asians are so good at maths.

　　并且向你解释为什么亚洲人在数学方面能取得卓越的成绩。

　　And in examining the lines of the remarkable among us,

　　然后进一步审视我们身边的那些卓越者

　　the skilled, the talented and the driven.

　　他们娴熟的技术、过人的才干和充沛的干劲是怎么来的？

　　I will argue that there are something profoundly wrong with the way we make sense of success.

　　我最终得出的结论简单明了：我们以前对成功的理解常陷入误区。

　　What is the question we always ask about successful?

　　我们过去对成功者的关注都是些什么？

　　We want to know what they are like,

　　我们总是想知道他们是怎样的一个人

　　what kind of personalities⁴ they have,

　　他们是什么个性，

　　or how intelligent they are,

　　他们的才智如何，

　　or what kind of lifestyles they have,

　　他们的生活方式怎样，

　　or what special talents they might have been born with.

　　或者他们是否拥有某种天赋。

　　And we assume that it is those personal qualities

　　我们认为他们之所以能成为顶尖高手，

　　that explain how an individual reaches the top.

　　完全是因为他们的个人禀赋。

　　In the autobiographies⁵ published every year,

　　每年都会出版很多关于

　　by the billionaire, entrepreneur, rock star, celebrity⁶,

　　亿万富翁、企业家、摇滚歌星等社会名人的自传。

　　the storyline is always the same.

　　自传里面主人翁的故事彼此相似：

　　Our hero was born in modest circumstances

　　在合适的时间合适的地点诞生了我们的英雄，

　　and by virtu of his own grit⁷

　　他磨炼自己的美德，

　　and talent fights his way to greatness.

　　发挥自己的天赋，他不断奋斗，最终取得了成功。

　　In the Bible, Joseph is cast out by his brothers

　　《圣经》里面的约瑟夫，他被自己的兄弟出卖，

　　and sold into slavery

　　沦落为奴隶，

　　and then rises to become the pharaoh's right-hand man

　　最后却凭借自己的聪明才智成为埃及法老不可或缺的臂膀，

　　on the strength of his own brilliance⁸ and insight.

　　权力显赫一时。

　　In the famous nineteenth century novels of Horatio Alger,

　　在19世纪的作家霍雷肖阿尔杰（Horatio Alger)的著名小说里，

　　young boys born in the poverty

　　一名出生于纽约贫民区的年轻小伙子 ,

　　rise to riches through a combination of pluck and initiative.

　　凭借自己的勇气获得了巨额财富。

　　"I think overall it's a disadvantage," Jeb Bush once said of what what it meant for his business career

　　在谈到这些身份对他经商的影响时，杰布布什却说：“我觉得这些都是不利因素”，

　　that he was a son of an America president and the brother of an American president

　　他父亲是美国总统老布什，兄弟是美国总统小布什。

　　and the grandson of a wealthy Wall Street banker and a US senator.

　　其祖父是华尔街大银行家、美国参议员。

1 tycoons   

大君( tycoon的名词复数 )； 将军； 企业巨头； 大亨

参考例句：

• The great tycoons were fierce competitors, single-minded in their pursuit of financial success and power. 企业巨头都是激烈的竞争者，他们一心追求钱财和权势。
• Tycoons and their conglomerates are even raising money again on international markets. 企业大亨们以及他们的企业甚至正再次从国际市场上筹集资金。

2 secretes   

v.（尤指动物或植物器官）分泌( secrete的第三人称单数 )；隐匿，隐藏

参考例句：

• The pineal gland secretes melanin during times of relaxation and visualization. 松果体在放松时分泌黑色素是明白无误的。 来自互联网
• For example, the archegonium (female organ) of the moss Funaria secretes sucrose. 例如藓类颈卵器（雌性器官）分泌蔗糖。 来自互联网

3 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

4 personalities   

n. 诽谤，（对某人容貌、性格等所进行的）人身攻击； 人身攻击；人格, 个性, 名人( personality的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There seemed to be a degree of personalities in her remarks.她话里有些人身攻击的成分。
• Personalities are not in good taste in general conversation.在一般的谈话中诽谤他人是不高尚的。

5 autobiographies   

n.自传( autobiography的名词复数 )；自传文学

参考例句：

• The series was based on the autobiographies of the author. 这部连续剧是根据那位作家的自传拍摄的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• There are some songs and, recently, a few autobiographies about peasant experience. 有些歌曲描述了农民的经验，最近还出了几本自传。 来自互联网

6 celebrity   

n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望

参考例句：

• Tom found himself something of a celebrity. 汤姆意识到自己已小有名气了。
• He haunted famous men, hoping to get celebrity for himself. 他常和名人在一起, 希望借此使自己获得名气。

7 grit   

n.沙粒，决心，勇气；v.下定决心，咬紧牙关

参考例句：

• The soldiers showed that they had plenty of grit. 士兵们表现得很有勇气。
• I've got some grit in my shoe.我的鞋子里弄进了一些砂子。

8 brilliance   

n.光辉，辉煌，壮丽，（卓越的）才华，才智

参考例句：

• I was totally amazed by the brilliance of her paintings.她的绘画才能令我惊歎不已。
• The gorgeous costume added to the brilliance of the dance.华丽的服装使舞蹈更加光彩夺目。