异类之不一样的成功启示录 第70期:孩子的交流技巧需要培养

 Look at how easily Alex interrupts the doctor, "I'm not ten." That's entitlement:

看看，亚历克斯这样轻易就打断了医生的话——“我不是10岁。”这是一种权利：

his mother permits that casual incivility because she wants him to learn to assert himself with people in positions of authority.

他的母亲允许他一时无礼，因为她希望儿子学会在权威人士面前表达自己的立场。

The doctor turns to Alex: Well, now, the most important question.

医生转而问亚历克斯：好了，我们现在进入最主要的环节。

Do you have any questions you want to ask me before I do your physical?

在我检查你的身体以前，你还有什么问题需要问吗？

Alex: Um... only one. I've been getting some bumps on my arms, right under here (indicates his underarms).

亚历克斯：嗯...有一个。我的手臂上有一些肿块，就在这（指着手臂下）。

Doctor: underneath¹?

医生：在下边？

Alex: Yeah.

亚历克斯：是的。

Doctor: Okay, I'll have to look at those when I come in close to do the checkup. And I'll see what they are and what I can do.

医生：好的，我进一步检查之后再处理一下。我来看看到底是怎么回事，看应该怎样治。

Do they hurt or itch²?

觉得痛或者觉得痒吗？

Alex: No, they're just there.

亚历克斯：不痛也不痒，只是有这样的肿块。

Doctor: Okay, I'll take a look at those bumps for you.

医生：没事，我会给你治好的。

This kind of interaction simply doesn't happen with lower class children, Lareau says.

这样的互动似乎不应该发生在低年级的小孩身上，拉里奥说，

They would be quiet and submissive, with eyes turned away.

他们应该很安静很顺从，眼睛不敢直视他人。

Alex takes charge of the moment.

但亚历克斯却掌控了局面，

"In remembering to raise the question he prepared in advance, he gains the doctor's full attention and focuses it on an issue of his choosing," Lareau writes.

“此前他就想好了要问什么，他吸引了医生的全部注意力，让医生把焦点都集中在他准备好的问题上。”拉里奥写道。

In doing so, he successfully shifts the balance of power away from the adults and towards himself.

利用这种方式，他成功地把原来倾向成年人的权利逐步向自己身上倾斜。

The transition goes smoothly³.

整个过程，亚历克斯都很得体，

Alex is used to being treated with respect.

权利的转移很平稳，

He is seen as special and as a person worthy⁴ of adult attention and interest.

仿佛他是一个特别能引起成年人注意并且得到他们赏识的人。

These are the key characteristics of the strategy of concerted cultivation⁵.

这是协同培养体系一种特有的重要体现。

Alex is not showing off during his checkup. He is behaving much as he does with his parents -he reasons, negotiates and jokes with equal ease.

在做身体检查的时候，亚历克斯没有过分显摆自己，他的行为方式非常类似他的父母——他追问、磋商、以放松的心情开着玩笑。

It is important to understand where the particular mastery of that moment comes from.

了解这种掌控局面的特殊能力来自哪里是很重要的。

It's not genetic⁶.

这不是来自基因，

Alex Williams didn't inherit the skills to interact with authority figures from his parents and grandparents the way he inherited the color of his eyes.

亚历克斯·威廉斯的眼睛颜色也许从他父母或者祖父母那里遗传下来，但和权威人士的交流技巧却不可能从他们那里遗传而来。

Nor is it racial: it's not a practice specific to either black or white people.

这也不是因为种族的原因：这不是黑色人种或者白色人种的专利，

1 underneath   

adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面

参考例句：

• Working underneath the car is always a messy job.在汽车底下工作是件脏活。
• She wore a coat with a dress underneath.她穿着一件大衣，里面套着一条连衣裙。

2 itch   

n.痒，渴望，疥癣；vi.发痒，渴望

参考例句：

• Shylock has an itch for money.夏洛克渴望发财。
• He had an itch on his back.他背部发痒。

3 smoothly   

adv.平滑地，顺利地，流利地，流畅地

参考例句：

• The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作，所以工作进展顺利。
• Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。

4 worthy   

adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的

参考例句：

• I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
• There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。

5 cultivation   

n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成

参考例句：

• The cultivation in good taste is our main objective.培养高雅情趣是我们的主要目标。
• The land is not fertile enough to repay cultivation.这块土地不够肥沃，不值得耕种。

6 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。