异类之不一样的成功启示录 第149期:解除社会文化的限制

 　　"If you're trying to land at JFK at rush hour, there is no nonverbal communication," Greenberg says.

　　“如果你想在一小时内在肯尼迪国际机场紧急降落，就必须用语言交流。”格瑞博说，

　　"It's people talking to people, so you need to be darn to be sure you understand what's going on.

　　“在与人进行交流的时候，你必须完全确信你了解现在的状况。

　　You can say that two Korean side by side don't need to speak English.But if they're arguing about what the guys outside said in English, then language is important."

　　可以说，两个坐在一起的韩国人不用讲英语，但是如果当他们争论外面那个讲英语的人究竟说了什么时，语言就很重要。”

　　Greenberg wanted to give his pilots an alternate identity.

　　格瑞博想给机组人员一个可以转换身份的机会。

　　Their problem was that they were trapped in roles dictated¹ by the heavy weight of their country's cultural legacy².

　　他们的问题在于，他们被社会文化所赋予的社会角色所束缚，

　　They needed an opportunity to step outside those rules, when they sat in the cockpit, and language was the key to that transformation³.

　　当他们坐在驾驶舱里的时候，他们需要一个机会来脱离原来的社会角色，这时候语言就是转换身份的关键。

　　In English, they will be free of the sharply defined gradients of Korean hierarchy⁴: formal deference⁵, informal deference, blunt, familiar, intimate, and plain.

　　他们可以不必再去考虑用哪一种语体更适合去表达对机长的敬意，正式敬语、非正式敬语、陌生人的交流语、熟人的套话、亲密用语或普通用语等等。

　　Instead, the pilots could participate in a culture and language with a very different legacy.

　　相反，飞行员可以了解不同制度下的语言和文化。

　　The critical part of Greenberg's reform, however, is what he didn't do.

　　然而，格瑞博改革的最重要一点，就是看看他所没有采取的手段。

　　He didn't throw up his hands in despair.He didn't fire all his Korean pilots and start again with pilots from a low-power distance culture.

　　他没有绝望地甩手走人，他没有辞退所有的飞行员，而再从低权利距离指数国家招募飞行员。

　　He knew that culture legacy's matter that they are powerful and pervasive⁶ and that they persist, long after their original usefulness had passed.

　　他了解文化制度——它们不但非常强大且根深蒂固，

　　But he didn't assume that legacies⁷ are an indelible part of how we are.

　　但是他认为文化带给人们的影响是可以被改变的。

　　He believed that if the Koreans were honest about where they came from,

　　他相信韩国人会诚实看待他们的文化根源，

　　and were willing to confront those aspects of their heritage that did not suit the aviation world, they could change.

　　并且愿意去面对事实：他们的文化等级制度不适合驾驶舱，他们可以改变。

1 dictated   

v.大声讲或读( dictate的过去式和过去分词 )；口授；支配；摆布

参考例句：

• He dictated a letter to his secretary. 他向秘书口授信稿。
• No person of a strong character likes to be dictated to. 没有一个个性强的人愿受人使唤。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

3 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

4 hierarchy   

n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层

参考例句：

• There is a rigid hierarchy of power in that country.那个国家有一套严密的权力等级制度。
• She's high up in the management hierarchy.她在管理阶层中地位很高。

5 deference   

n.尊重，顺从；敬意

参考例句：

• Do you treat your parents and teachers with deference?你对父母师长尊敬吗？
• The major defect of their work was deference to authority.他们的主要缺陷是趋从权威。

6 pervasive   

adj.普遍的；遍布的，(到处)弥漫的；渗透性的

参考例句：

• It is the most pervasive compound on earth.它是地球上最普遍的化合物。
• The adverse health effects of car exhaust are pervasive and difficult to measure.汽车尾气对人类健康所构成的有害影响是普遍的，并且难以估算。

7 legacies   

n.遗产( legacy的名词复数 )；遗留之物；遗留问题；后遗症

参考例句：

• Books are the legacies that a great genius leaves to mankind. 书是伟大的天才留给人类的精神财富。 来自辞典例句
• General legacies are subject to the same principles as demonstrative legacies. 一般的遗赠要与指定数目的遗赠遵循同样的原则。 来自辞典例句