【荆棘鸟】第二章 01

When the Clearys went to church on Sundays, Meggie had to stay home with one of the older boys, longing¹ for the day when she, too, would be old enough to go. Padraic Cleary held that small children had no place in any house save their own, and his rule held even for a house of worship. When Meggie commenced school and could be trusted to sit still, she could come to church. Not before. So every Sunday morning she stood by the gorse bush at the front gate, desolate², while the family piled into the old shandrydan and the brother delegated to mind her tried to pretend it was a great treat escaping Mass. The only Cleary who relished³ separation from the rest was Frank. Paddy's religion was an intrinsic part of his life. When he had married Fee it had been with grudging⁴ Catholic approval, for Fee was a member of the Church of England; though she abandoned her faith for Paddy, she refused to adopt his in its stead. Difficult to say why, except that the Armstrongs were old pioneering stock of impeccable Church of England extraction, where Paddy was a penniless immigrant from the wrong side of the Pale. There had been Armstrongs in New Zealand long before the first "official" settlers arrived, and that was a passport to colonial aristocracy. From the Armstrong point of view, Fee could only be said to have contracted a shocking mesalliance.

  Roderick Armstrong had founded the New Zealand clan⁵, in a very curious way. It had begun with an event which was to have many unforeseen repercussions⁶ on eighteenth-century England: the American War of Independence. Until 1776 over a thousand British petty felons⁷ were shipped each year to Virginia and the Carolinas, sold into an indentured⁸ servitude no better than slavery. British justice of the time was grim and unflinching; murder, arson⁹, the mysterious crime of "impersonating Egyptians" and larceny¹⁰ to the tune¹¹ of more than a shilling were punished on the gallows¹². Petty crime meant transportation to the Americas for the term of the felon's natural life. But when in 1776 the Americas were closed, England found herself with a rapidly increasing convict population and nowhere to put it. The prisons filled to overflowing¹³, and the surplus was jammed into rotting hulks moored¹⁴ in the river estuaries¹⁵. Something had to be done, so something was. With a great deal of reluctance¹⁶ because it meant the expenditure¹⁷ of a few thousand pounds, Captain Arthur Phillip was ordered to set sail for the Great South Land. 

 

星期天，当克利里一家到教堂去的时候，梅吉不得不和比她稍大的一个小哥哥留在家里。盼着自己长大，也能去教堂的那一天。帕德里克·克利里认为，年幼的孩子除了在自己的屋里呆着以外，不宜到任何别的地方去，按着他的这个规矩甚至连礼拜堂也包括在内。等到梅吉上了学，让人相信她能老老实实地坐在那里的时候，才准她去教堂。

    在这以前是不行的。因此，每个星期天的早晨，她都凄凄然地站在大门边上的金雀花丛旁，眼巴巴地看着全家人挤上那辆破旧的两轮轻便马车，那个被指定照看她的哥哥则竭力装出能逃脱作弥撒是一大幸事的样子。克利里一家人中，真正乐于不与家里其他人同行的只有弗兰克。

    帕迪的宗教信仰是他生命的不可分割的一部分。他和菲结婚的时候，天主教会是在很勉强的情况下同意的，因为菲是英国教会的信徒。尽管她为帕迪放弃了自己的宗教信仰，可是她拒绝改信天主教。阿姆斯特朗家是纯正的英国教会出身的老世家，而帕迪是个来自爱尔兰的、身无分文的移民，除此以外，很难说清楚这其中的原委了。在第一批“官方”的称民到达新西兰之前，阿姆斯特朗家族就早已定居在这里了，这是殖民贵族的证明。从阿姆斯特朗的观点来看，只能说菲奥娜缔结了一个门第极不相称的婚姻。

    罗德里克·阿姆斯特朗以一种非常奇特的方式创立了新西兰家族。

    这个发现是以一个事件开头的，这个事件在18世纪的英国引起了未曾料到的反响，那就是美国的独立战争。在1776年以前，每年都有一千多名英国的轻罪犯被运到弗吉尼亚和南北卡罗莱纳，被卖去做比奴隶强不了多少的契约苦役。当时的英国法律是冷酷无情、毫不手软的：杀人犯、纵火犯、令人难以理解的“冒充埃及人犯”和偷窃超过一先令的盗窃犯均被处以绞刑。轻微的犯罪则意味着要被终身发配美洲。

    可是，美洲这条出路在1776年被堵死了，英国发觉国内的犯罪人数在迅速增加，而且没有地方可安置。监狱已经塞得超员，其余的被塞进了泊在河口的朽坏的废船上。

    有什么需要，就有什么行动。阿瑟·菲利浦舰长受命启航前往南半球的大陆了，此举是十分勉强的，因为它意味着要花费数千英镑。

1 longing   

n.（for）渴望

参考例句：

• Hearing the tune again sent waves of longing through her.再次听到那首曲子使她胸中充满了渴望。
• His heart burned with longing for revenge.他心中燃烧着急欲复仇的怒火。

2 desolate   

adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂

参考例句：

• The city was burned into a desolate waste.那座城市被烧成一片废墟。
• We all felt absolutely desolate when she left.她走后，我们都觉得万分孤寂。

3 relished   

v.欣赏( relish的过去式和过去分词 )；从…获得乐趣；渴望

参考例句：

• The chaplain relished the privacy and isolation of his verdant surroundings. 牧师十分欣赏他那苍翠的环境所具有的幽雅恬静，与世隔绝的气氛。 来自辞典例句
• Dalleson relished the first portion of the work before him. 达尔生对眼前这工作的前半部分满有兴趣。 来自辞典例句

4 grudging   

adj.勉强的，吝啬的

参考例句：

• He felt a grudging respect for her talents as an organizer.他勉强地对她的组织才能表示尊重。
• After a pause he added"sir."in a dilatory,grudging way.停了一会他才慢吞吞地、勉勉强强地加了一声“先生”。

5 clan   

n.氏族，部落，宗族，家族，宗派

参考例句：

• She ranks as my junior in the clan.她的辈分比我小。
• The Chinese Christians,therefore,practically excommunicate themselves from their own clan.所以，中国的基督徒简直是被逐出了自己的家族了。

6 repercussions   

n.后果，反响( repercussion的名词复数 )；余波

参考例句：

• The collapse of the company will have repercussions for the whole industry. 这家公司的垮台将会给整个行业造成间接的负面影响。
• Human acts have repercussions far beyond the frontiers of the human world. 人类行为所产生的影响远远超出人类世界的范围。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 felons   

n.重罪犯( felon的名词复数 )；瘭疽；甲沟炎；指头脓炎

参考例句：

• Aren't those the seats they use for transporting convicted felons? 这些坐位不是他们用来押运重犯的吗？ 来自电影对白
• House Republicans talk of making felons out of the undocumented and those who help them. 众议院共和党议员正商议对未登记的非法移民以及包庇他们的人课以重罪。 来自互联网

8 indentured   

v.以契约束缚（学徒）( indenture的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The Africans became indentured servants, trading labor for shelter and eventual freedom. 非洲人成为契约上的仆人，以劳力交换庇护及最终的自由。 来自互联网
• They are descendants of indentured importees. 他们是契约外来工的后代。 来自互联网

9 arson   

n.纵火，放火

参考例句：

• He was serving a ten spot for arson.他因纵火罪在服十年徒刑。
• He was arraigned on a charge of arson.他因被指控犯纵火罪而被传讯。

10 larceny   

n.盗窃（罪）

参考例句：

• The man was put in jail for grand larceny.人因重大盗窃案而被监禁。
• It was an essential of the common law crime of larceny.它是构成普通法中的盗窃罪的必要条件。

11 tune   

n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整

参考例句：

• He'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他写了一段曲子，并在钢琴上弹给我们听。
• The boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。

12 gallows   

n.绞刑架，绞台

参考例句：

• The murderer was sent to the gallows for his crimes.谋杀犯由于罪大恶极被处以绞刑。
• Now I was to expiate all my offences at the gallows.现在我将在绞刑架上赎我一切的罪过。

13 overflowing   

n. 溢出物,溢流 adj. 充沛的，充满的 动词overflow的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• The stands were overflowing with farm and sideline products. 集市上农副产品非常丰富。
• The milk is overflowing. 牛奶溢出来了。

14 moored   

adj. 系泊的 动词moor的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London. 该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。
• We shipped (the) oars and moored alongside the bank. 我们收起桨，把船泊在岸边。

15 estuaries   

（江河入海的）河口，河口湾( estuary的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• We also recognize the diversity and complexity of controlling in fluences in estuaries. 我们也认识到在河湾内控制影响的多样性和复杂性。
• Estuaries also contribute to economy through tourism and fishing. 河口还为人类提供了休闲和教育的场所。

16 reluctance   

n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿

参考例句：

• The police released Andrew with reluctance.警方勉强把安德鲁放走了。
• He showed the greatest reluctance to make a reply.他表示很不愿意答复。

17 expenditure   

n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗

参考例句：

• The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。
• The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。