万物简史 第26期:走进太阳系(4)

 　　Tombaugh had no formal training as an astronomer¹, but he was diligent² and he was astute³, and after a year's patient searching he somehow spotted⁴ Pluto⁵, a faint point of light in a glittery firmament⁶.

　　汤博没有受过成为天文学家的专门训练，但他既勤奋又聪明。经过一年的搜索以后，他在明亮的天空里终于看到了一个暗淡的光点：冥王星。

　　It was a miraculous⁷ find, and what made it all the more striking was that the observations on which Lowell had predicted the existence of a planet beyond Neptune⁸ proved to be comprehensively erroneous. Tombaugh could see at once that the new planet was nothing like the massive gasball Lowell had postulated⁹, but any reservations he or anyone else had about the character of the new planet were soon swept aside in the delirium¹⁰ that attended almost any big news story in that easily excited age.

　　这是个奇迹般的发现。这个发现更引人注目的是，它证明洛厄尔的观测结果是错误的。虽然是可以理解的，洛厄尔曾根据这些观测结果来预言海王星以远的地方存在一颗行星。汤博马上意识到，这颗新的行星根本不是像洛厄尔所预料的那样是个巨大的气球--但是，他或别人有关这颗新行星的性质所持的任何保留，在极其兴奋之中很快就一扫而光。在那个容易激动的时代，差不多任何重大的新闻故事都会激起这种情绪。

　　This was the first American-discovered planet, and no one was going to be distracted by the thought that it was really just a distant icy dot. It was named Pluto at least partly because the first two letters made a monogram¹¹ from Lowell's initials. Lowell was posthumously¹² hailed everywhere as a genius of the first order, and Tombaugh was largely forgotten, except among planetary astronomers¹³, who tend to revere¹⁴ him.

　　这是第一颗由美国人发现的行星。有人认为它其实只不过是远方的一颗冰粒，但谁也不会被这种看法转移视线。它被命名为冥王星，至少一定程度上是因为它的头两个字母是由洛厄尔姓名的首字母组成的交织字母。已经不在人世的洛厄尔到处被颂扬为一流的天才人物，而汤博在很大程度上已被人们忘得一干二净，除了在研究行星的天文学家当中，他们往往对他怀有崇敬之情。

　　A few astronomers continue to think there may be a Planet X out there—a real whopper, perhaps as much as ten times the size of Jupiter, but so far out as to be invisible to us. (It would receive so little sunlight that it would have almost none to reflect.) The idea is that it wouldn't be a conventional planet like Jupiter or Saturn—it's much too far away for that; we're talking perhaps 4.5 trillion miles—but more like a sun that never quite made it. Most star systems in the cosmos¹⁵ are binary¹⁶ (double-starred), which makes our solitary¹⁷ sun a slight oddity.

　　现在，有的天文学家继续认为，冥王星之外也许还有行星X--一颗真正的庞然大物，也许有木星的10倍之大，只是它太遥远，我们看不见。（它被照到的阳光太少，几乎没有反射的光。）他们认为，它不会是像木星或土星这样的普通行星--它太远，不可能是那个样子；我们推测也许有7.2万亿公里之远--而更会像一个没有形成的太阳。宇宙中的大多数恒星体系都是成双的（双星体），这就使我们孤零零的太阳显得有点儿怪。

 

1 astronomer   

n.天文学家

参考例句：

• A new star attracted the notice of the astronomer.新发现的一颗星引起了那位天文学家的注意。
• He is reputed to have been a good astronomer.他以一个优秀的天文学者闻名于世。

2 diligent   

adj.勤勉的，勤奋的

参考例句：

• He is the more diligent of the two boys.他是这两个男孩中较用功的一个。
• She is diligent and keeps herself busy all the time.她真勤快，一会儿也不闲着。

3 astute   

adj.机敏的，精明的

参考例句：

• A good leader must be an astute judge of ability.一个优秀的领导人必须善于识别人的能力。
• The criminal was very astute and well matched the detective in intelligence.这个罪犯非常狡猾，足以对付侦探的机智。

4 spotted   

adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的

参考例句：

• The milkman selected the spotted cows,from among a herd of two hundred.牛奶商从一群200头牛中选出有斑点的牛。
• Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks.山姆的商店屯积了有斑点的短袜。

5 Pluto   

n.冥王星

参考例句：

• Pluto is the furthest planet from the sun.冥王星是离太阳最远的行星。
• Pluto has an elliptic orbit.冥王星的轨道是椭圆形的。

6 firmament   

n.苍穹；最高层

参考例句：

• There are no stars in the firmament.天空没有一颗星星。
• He was rich,and a rising star in the political firmament.他十分富有，并且是政治高层一颗冉冉升起的新星。

7 miraculous   

adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的

参考例句：

• The wounded man made a miraculous recovery.伤员奇迹般地痊愈了。
• They won a miraculous victory over much stronger enemy.他们战胜了远比自己强大的敌人，赢得了非凡的胜利。

8 Neptune   

n.海王星

参考例句：

• Neptune is the furthest planet from the sun.海王星是离太阳最远的行星。
• Neptune turned out to be a dynamic,stormy world.海王星原来是个有生气、多风暴的世界。

9 postulated   

v.假定，假设( postulate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They postulated a 500-year lifespan for a plastic container. 他们假定塑料容器的寿命为500年。
• Freud postulated that we all have a death instinct as well as a life instinct. 弗洛伊德曾假定我们所有人都有生存本能和死亡本能。 来自辞典例句

10 delirium   

n. 神智昏迷,说胡话;极度兴奋

参考例句：

• In her delirium, she had fallen to the floor several times. 她在神志不清的状态下几次摔倒在地上。
• For the next nine months, Job was in constant delirium.接下来的九个月，约伯处于持续精神错乱的状态。

11 monogram   

n.字母组合

参考例句：

• There was a monogram in the corner in which were the initials"R.K.B.".原来手帕角上有个图案，其中包含着RKB三个字母。
• When we get married I don't have to change the monogram on my luggage.当我们结婚后，我连皮箱上的字母也不用改。

12 posthumously   

adv.于死后，于身后；于著作者死后出版地

参考例句：

• He was confirmed posthumously as a member of the Chinese Communist Party. 他被追认为中国共产党党员。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Her last book was published posthumously in 1948. 她最后的一本书在她死后于1948 年出版了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 astronomers   

n.天文学者，天文学家( astronomer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Astronomers can accurately foretell the date,time,and length of future eclipses. 天文学家能精确地预告未来日食月食的日期、时刻和时长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Astronomers used to ask why only Saturn has rings. 天文学家们过去一直感到奇怪，为什么只有土星有光环。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 revere   

vt.尊崇，崇敬，敬畏

参考例句：

• Students revere the old professors.学生们十分尊敬那些老教授。
• The Chinese revered corn as a gift from heaven.中国人将谷物奉为上天的恩赐。

15 cosmos   

n.宇宙；秩序，和谐

参考例句：

• Our world is but a small part of the cosmos.我们的世界仅仅是宇宙的一小部分而已。
• Is there any other intelligent life elsewhere in the cosmos?在宇宙的其他星球上还存在别的有智慧的生物吗？

16 binary   

adj.二，双；二进制的；n.双(体)；联星

参考例句：

• Computers operate using binary numbers.计算机运行运用二进位制。
• Let us try converting the number itself to binary.我们试一试，把这个数本身变成二进制数。

17 solitary   

adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士

参考例句：

• I am rather fond of a solitary stroll in the country.我颇喜欢在乡间独自徜徉。
• The castle rises in solitary splendour on the fringe of the desert.这座城堡巍然耸立在沙漠的边际，显得十分壮美。