万物简史 第57期:事物的测定(4)

 Newton was a decidedly odd figure—brilliant beyond measure, but solitary¹, joyless, prickly to the point of paranoia², famously distracted (upon swinging his feet out of bed in the morning he would reportedly sometimes sit for hours, immobilized by the sudden rush of thoughts to his head), and capable of the most riveting³ strangeness.

牛顿绝对是个怪人--他聪明过人，而又离群索居，沉闷无趣，敏感多疑，注意力很不集中（据说，早晨他把脚伸出被窝以后，有时候突然之间思潮汹涌，会一动不动地坐上几个小时），干得出非常有趣的怪事。

He built his own laboratory, the first at Cambridge, but then engaged in the most bizarre experiments. Once he inserted a bodkin—a long needle of the sort used for sewing leather—into his eye socket⁴ and rubbed it around "betwixt my eye and the bone as near to [the] backside of my eye as I could" just to see what would happen. What happened, miraculously⁵, was nothing—at least nothing lasting⁶. On another occasion, he stared at the Sun for as long as he could bear, to determine what effect it would have upon his vision. Again he escaped lasting damage, though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes forgave him.

他建立了自己的实验室，也是剑桥大学的第一个实验室，但接着就从事异乎寻常的实验。有一次，他把一根大针眼缝针--一种用来缝皮革的长针--插进眼窝，然后在"眼睛和尽可能接近眼睛后部的骨头之间"揉来揉去，目的只是为了看看会有什么事发生。结果，说来也奇怪，什么事儿也没有--至少没有产生持久的后果。另一次，他瞪大眼睛望着太阳，能望多久就望多久，以便发现对他的视力有什么影响。他又一次没有受到严重的伤害，虽然他不得不在暗室里待了几天，等着眼睛恢复过来。

Set atop these odd beliefs and quirky traits, however, was the mind of a supreme⁷ genius—though even when working in conventional channels he often showed a tendency to peculiarity⁸. As a student, frustrated⁹ by the limitations of conventional mathematics, he invented an entirely¹⁰ new form, the calculus¹¹, but then told no one about it for twenty-seven years. In like manner, he did work in optics that transformed our understanding of light and laid the foundation for the science of spectroscopy, and again chose not to share the results for three decades.

与他的非凡天才相比，这些奇异的信念和古怪的特点算不了什么--即使在以常规方法工作的时候，他也往往显得很特别。在学生时代，他觉得普通数学局限性很大，十分失望，便发明了一种崭新的形式--微积分，但有27年时间对谁也没有说起过这件事。他以同样的方式在光学领域工作，改变了我们对光的理解，为光谱学奠定了基础，但还是过了30年才把成果与别人分享。

 

1 solitary   

adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士

参考例句：

• I am rather fond of a solitary stroll in the country.我颇喜欢在乡间独自徜徉。
• The castle rises in solitary splendour on the fringe of the desert.这座城堡巍然耸立在沙漠的边际，显得十分壮美。

2 paranoia   

n.妄想狂，偏执狂；多疑症

参考例句：

• Her passion for cleanliness borders on paranoia.她的洁癖近乎偏执。
• The push for reform is also motivated by political paranoia.竞选的改革运动也受到政治偏执狂症的推动。

3 riveting   

adj.动听的，令人着迷的，完全吸引某人注意力的；n.铆接（法）

参考例句：

• I find snooker riveting though I don't play myself.虽然我自己不打斯诺克，但是我觉得它挺令人着迷。
• To my amazement,I found it riveting.但令我惊讶的是，我发现它的吸引人处。

4 socket   

n.窝，穴，孔，插座，插口

参考例句：

• He put the electric plug into the socket.他把电插头插入插座。
• The battery charger plugs into any mains socket.这个电池充电器可以插入任何类型的电源插座。

5 miraculously   

ad.奇迹般地

参考例句：

• He had been miraculously saved from almost certain death. 他奇迹般地从死亡线上获救。
• A schoolboy miraculously survived a 25 000-volt electric shock. 一名男学生在遭受2.5 万伏的电击后奇迹般地活了下来。

6 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。

7 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

8 peculiarity   

n.独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖

参考例句：

• Each country has its own peculiarity.每个国家都有自己的独特之处。
• The peculiarity of this shop is its day and nigth service.这家商店的特点是昼夜服务。

9 frustrated   

adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
• The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

11 calculus   

n.微积分；结石

参考例句：

• This is a problem where calculus won't help at all.对于这一题，微积分一点也用不上。
• After studying differential calculus you will be able to solve these mathematical problems.学了微积分之后，你们就能够解这些数学题了。