万物简史 第67期:事物的测定(15)

 At his urging, the Royal Society agreed to engage a reliable figure to tour the British Isles¹ to see if such a mountain could be found. Maskelyne knew just such a person—the astronomer² and surveyor Charles Mason. Maskelyne and Mason had become friends eleven years earlier while engaged in a project to measure an astronomical³ event of great importance: the passage of the planet Venus across the face of the Sun. The tireless Edmond Halley had suggested years before that if you measured one of these passages from selected points on the Earth, you could use the principles of triangulation to work out the distance to the Sun, and from that calibrate⁴ the distances to all the other bodies in the solar system.

在他的敦促之下，英国皇家学会同意聘请一位可靠的人去考察英伦三岛，看看能否找到这样的一座山。马斯基林恰好认识这样的一个人--天文学家和测量学家查尔斯·梅森。马斯基林和梅森11年前已经成为朋友，他们曾一块儿承担一个测量一起重大天文事件的项目：金星凌日现象。不知疲倦的埃德蒙·哈雷几年前已经建议，要是在地球上选定几个位置测量一次这种现象，你就可用三角测绘法的定律来计算地球到太阳的距离，并由此计算出到太阳系所有其他天体的距离。

Unfortunately, transits⁶ of Venus, as they are known, are an irregular occurrence. They come in pairs eight years apart, but then are absent for a century or more, and there were none in Halley's lifetime. The next transit⁵ will be on June 8, 2004, with a second in 2012. There were none in the twentieth century. But the idea simmered and when the next transit came due in 1761, nearly two decades after Halley's death, the scientific world was ready—indeed, more ready than it had been for an astronomical event before.

不幸的是，所谓的金星凌日是一件不规则的事。这一现象结对而来，相隔8年，然后一个世纪甚至更长时间都不发生一次。在哈雷的生命期里不会发生这种现象。下一次将会是在2004年的6月8号，2012年也将持续几秒。可是20世纪里不会出现那种现象。但是，这个想法一直存在。1761年，在哈雷去世将近20年以后，当下一次凌日准时来到的时候，科学界已经作好准备工作--准备得比观测以往任何一次天文现象都要充分。

With the instinct for ordeal⁷ that characterized the age, scientists set off for more than a hundred locations around the globe—to Siberia, China, South Africa, Indonesia, and the woods of Wisconsin, among many others. France dispatched thirty-two observers, Britain eighteen more, and still others set out from Sweden, Russia, Italy, Germany, Ireland, and elsewhere.

凭着吃苦的本能--这是那个时代的特点--科学家们奔赴全球100多个地点--其中有俄罗斯西伯利亚、中国、南非、印度尼西亚以及美国威斯康星州的丛林。法国派出了32名观测人员，英国18名，还有来自瑞典、俄罗斯、意大利、德国、冰岛等国的观测人员。

 

1 isles   

岛( isle的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the geology of the British Isles 不列颠群岛的地质
• The boat left for the isles. 小船驶向那些小岛。

2 astronomer   

n.天文学家

参考例句：

• A new star attracted the notice of the astronomer.新发现的一颗星引起了那位天文学家的注意。
• He is reputed to have been a good astronomer.他以一个优秀的天文学者闻名于世。

3 astronomical   

adj.天文学的，（数字）极大的

参考例句：

• He was an expert on ancient Chinese astronomical literature.他是研究中国古代天文学文献的专家。
• Houses in the village are selling for astronomical prices.乡村的房价正在飙升。

4 calibrate   

校准；使合标准；测量（枪的）口径

参考例句：

• Pesticide levels in food are simply too difficult to calibrate.食品中杀虫剂的含量很难精确测定。

5 transit   

n.经过，运输；vt.穿越，旋转；vi.越过

参考例句：

• His luggage was lost in transit.他的行李在运送中丢失。
• The canal can transit a total of 50 ships daily.这条运河每天能通过50条船。

6 transits   

通过（transit的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The anomalistic year is the time between successive transits of the Earth through the perihelion. 近点年是地球连续两次通过近日点之间的时间。
• Paradigm study gradually transits to exemplification study in civil society theory. 当前我国的市民社会理论正逐步从范式研究转向范例研究。

7 ordeal   

n.苦难经历，（尤指对品格、耐力的）严峻考验

参考例句：

• She managed to keep her sanity throughout the ordeal.在那场磨难中她始终保持神志正常。
• Being lost in the wilderness for a week was an ordeal for me.在荒野里迷路一星期对我来说真是一场磨难。