万物简史 第127期:势不两立的科学(28)

 Of course dinosaur¹ hunting didn't end with the deaths of the great nineteenth-century fossil hunters. Indeed, to a surprising extent it had only just begun. In 1898, the year that fell between the deaths of Cope and Marsh², a trove³ greater by far than anything found before was discovered—noticed, really—at a place called Bone Cabin Quarry⁴, only a few miles from Marsh's prime hunting ground at Como Bluff⁵, Wyoming. There, hundreds and hundreds of fossil bones were to be found weathering out of the hills. They were so numerous, in fact, that someone had built a cabin out of them—hence the name. In just the first two seasons, 100,000 pounds of ancient bones were excavated⁶ from the site, and tens of thousands of pounds more came in each of the half dozen years that followed.

当然，寻找恐龙的工作，没有随着19世纪伟大的恐龙搜寻家的去世而结束。实际上，在某种出人意料的程度上，这项工作才刚刚开始。1898年，也就是柯普和马什两人相继去世的中间一年，发现了——其实是注意到——一件比以前发现过的任何东西都要了不起的宝贝，地点是在“骨屋采石场”，离马什的主要搜寻场所——怀俄明州的科摩崖只有几公里。人们发现成百上千块骨头化石露在山体外面任凭风吹雨打。骨头的数量如此之多，竟有人用骨头盖起一间小屋——采石场的名字由此而来。仅仅在最初的两个季节里，发掘出来的古代骨头就达5万千克之多；在之后的6年里，每年又挖出成千上万千克。

The upshot is that by the turn of the twentieth century, paleontologists had literally⁷ tons of old bones to pick over. The problem was that they still didn't have any idea how old any of these bones were. Worse, the agreed ages for the Earth couldn't comfortably support the numbers of eons and ages and epochs that the past obviously contained. If Earth were really only twenty million years old or so, as the great Lord Kelvin insisted, then whole orders of ancient creatures must have come into being and gone out again practically in the same geological instant. It just made no sense.

结果，进入20世纪的时候，古生物学家实际上有着几吨重的古骨来供他们选择。问题在于，他们仍然搞不清这些骨头的年龄。更糟糕的是，大家公认的地球的年龄，与过去的岁月所显然包含的时期、年代和时代的数量不大吻合。要是地球真的只有2000万年历史，就像开尔文勋爵坚持认为的那样，那么各种古代生物都会在同一地质年代产生和消亡。这根本说不通。

1 dinosaur   

n.恐龙

参考例句：

• Are you trying to tell me that David was attacked by a dinosaur?你是想要告诉我大卫被一支恐龙所攻击？
• He stared at the faithful miniature of the dinosaur.他凝视著精确的恐龙缩小模型。

2 marsh   

n.沼泽，湿地

参考例句：

• There are a lot of frogs in the marsh.沼泽里有许多青蛙。
• I made my way slowly out of the marsh.我缓慢地走出这片沼泽地。

3 trove   

n.被发现的东西，收藏的东西

参考例句：

• He assembled a rich trove of Chinese porcelain.他收集了一批中国瓷器。
• The gallery is a treasure trove of medieval art.这个画廊是中世纪艺术的宝库。

4 quarry   

n.采石场；v.采石；费力地找

参考例句：

• Michelangelo obtained his marble from a quarry.米开朗基罗从采石场获得他的大理石。
• This mountain was the site for a quarry.这座山曾经有一个采石场。

5 bluff   

v.虚张声势，用假象骗人；n.虚张声势，欺骗

参考例句：

• His threats are merely bluff.他的威胁仅仅是虚张声势。
• John is a deep card.No one can bluff him easily.约翰是个机灵鬼。谁也不容易欺骗他。

6 excavated   

v.挖掘( excavate的过去式和过去分词 )；开凿；挖出；发掘

参考例句：

• The site has been excavated by archaeologists. 这个遗址已被考古学家发掘出来。
• The archaeologists excavated an ancient fortress. 考古学家们发掘出一个古堡。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。